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Potato juice is widely recognised as a waste product which could be possibly used for animal nutrition. The application of potato juice in human nutrition is avoided due to toxicity of glycoalkaloids. In contrast, there are a few pieces of scientific evidence on in vitro activity of glycoalkaloids against cancer cells. Moreover, clinical trials on medicinal use of potato juice proved that it could be the treatment option in patients suffering from for gastrointestinal disorders. So, the potato juice could be used as a component of functional foods targeted for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to develop a technology for production of extruded cereal snacks containing the potato juice. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the product were also done. Snacks were extruded using spray dried potato juice as an ingredient...

The clinical trials on the medicinal use of potato juice proved its efficiency in the therapy of gastrointestinal disorders. However, the literature data don’t determine which substances actually reveal the therapeutic effect. The aim of the work was estimation of the biological activity of potato juice sprayed in the spray dryer, as well as its fractions of different molecular mass. Fresh potato juice was spray dried or alternatively, cryoconcentrated. As the result of the latter process fivefold concentrated potato juice has been obtained. This product was separated by means of gel permeation chromatography. The isolated fractions were analysed in terms of their capability to inhibit the proliferation and to reduce viability of human cancer cell lines. Human normal cell lines were used as a reference. Our studies proved that processed potato juice, similar to the fresh one, reveals cytotoxicity potential to stomach and colon cancer cells. The spray drying only slightly decreased biological activity of potato juice. It is possible to obtain fivefold concentrated potato by application of cryoconcentration process...

In years 2009–2011, a strict field research was carried out with the goal to specify the reaction of Bombona, Parabola and Trappe varieties of spring wheat to two levels of fertilizing with 90 and 150 kg∙ha-1 of nitrogen. It was noticed that with the increased dose of nitrogen, the number of ears of grain on 1sqm (an average of 33 pcs.), the yield of grain (an average of 0.71 Mg∙ha-1) and the volume of general protein in grains (an average of 0.4%) increased compared with the control. The Parabola variety began the tillering stage earlier than Bombona and Trappe varieties. The levels of nitrogen fertilization did not influence significantly the vegetation. The examined varieties differed as far as yield structure and grain yield were concerned which was confirmed statistically. Bombona variety contained the biggest amount of general protein in dry mass of grains...

Effect of pre-crop on severity of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and content of mycotoxins in grain of spring wheat was studied. Pre-crops were grain maize and winter rapeseed. In years, when conditions were favorable for FHB development, an increased severity of wheat head infections was observed on stands sown after grain maize. Wheat grain samples from these stands contained more Fusarium DNA and Fusarium mycotoxins comparing with grain from stands sown after rapeseed. Dominant species causing FHB was F. graminearum. Disease development on wheat heads and mycotoxin concentration in grain strongly depended on weather conditions. Rainfall and relative humidity during heading and anthesis had the strongest effect on results obtained during three years of study...

Genetic resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) in collection of 13 winter barley cultivars and 26 spring barley cultivars included in the registration trials in Poland in the year 2011 was investigated. To postulate a presence of specific resistance genes, these cultivars were tested with a set of differentiating powdery mildew isolates of known virulence genes. Winter cultivars had one or more resistance genes (Mla6, Mla14). In the spring cultivars the presence of the following genes was detected: Mla1, Ml 1-B-53 and mlo. In 3 winter cultivars and 4 spring cultivars resistance was determined by unidentified genes. Based on the obtained results it was possible to conclude that only cultivars with gene mlo and 2 cultivars with unidentified genes had high level of resistance to population of B. graminis f.sp. hordei occurring in Poland...

General (GCA) combining ability of several female and male components for rye hybrids and specific combining ability (SCA) of parental pairs were determined in three experiments performed in season 2010/2011. Parental components were created in three plant breeding companies: Danko Plant Breeders Ltd., Poznań Plant Breeders Ltd. and Smolice Plant Breeding Ltd. 105 F1 hybrids were produced by crossing 21 female components (single male sterile hybrids) to five male components (testers) in spatially isolated fields. Each experiment included 35 F1 hybrids produced by crossing seven female components (CMS-SC) with five male components (restorers). In the season 2010/2011 rye hybrids were evaluated in three field trials (3 locations, 3 replicates, plot size - 5m2, sowing density - 250 viable kernels/m2). The following traits were assessed: grain yield, 1000 grain weight, plant height, heading date, pollen shedding, resistance to brown rust and lodging...

The purpose of the study was an analysis of genotype-environment interaction and yield stability evaluation of winter rye varieties in climatic conditions of Lower Silesia. Experimental data were collected from trials conducted in the years 2008-2010 at the following locations: Krościna Mała, Tarnów Śląski, Naroczyce and Kondratowice. Four population cultivars: Agrikolo, Bosmo, Dańkowskie Diament, Herakles and two hybrid cultivars: Balistic and Visello were grown at two levels of cultivation (low input and intensive). The intensive variant, as compared with the standard one, included a higher level of nitrogen fertilization (by 40 kg∙ha-1), application of anti-lodging chemicals, foliar feeding of plants with microelements and a complete control of fungal diseases. The verification of hypotheses concerning the lack of differences between combinations of years and the locations, the effects of genotype and genotype-environment interaction was based on multivariate analysis of variance. We found significant interactions of genotypes with environments at both levels of cultivation. Results indicate that the yields of hybrid cultivar Balistic were the highest at both agronomic levels...

The paper presents an analysis of genotype-environment interaction and yield stability evaluation of winter oilseed rape. Experimental data were obtained from trials conducted in the years 2008-2010 at the following locations: Krościna Mała, Naroczyce Pawłowice, TarnĂłw Śląski, TomaszĂłw Bolesławiecki and ZybiszĂłw. Six population cultivars: Cabriolet, Cadeli, Californium, Casoar, Castille, PR46W10 and four hybrid cultivars: Extend, Nelson, Toccata and Vectra were grown at intensive level of cultivation. Chosen sources of variability: years, locations and genotypes were analyzed in the orthogonal system. The interpretation of the stability of yield was based on multivariate analysis of variance. Statistics stability is a measure of the contribution of each variety in the genotype-environment interaction and it was calculated based on a combination of Shukla’s variance stability (1972) and Kang’s ranks (1988)...

In IHAR, Research Center Młochów during 2008–2009, eighty potato clones derived from the four tetraploid × diploid crosses were evaluated for 12 agronomic and tuber quality traits. The research objective was to examine the structure of multivariable variation. The first five axes of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted 68% of the total variance among clones. Eigenvalues of the analyzed correlation matrix for these factors were above 1. The first factor (21.7% of total variance) was created by traits responsible for general appearance of tubers (shape regularity, depth of eyes, the frequency of tubers with the symptoms of secondary growth). The second factor (15.6% of total variance) was called a performance factor and was correlated with tuber yield, mean tuber weight and tuber flatness. The third factor (12.2% of total variance) called a suitability for processing was correlated with the two key processing traits: starch content and chip colour. The fourth factor (9.9% of total variance) was interpreted as tuber elongation since it was correlated with type of shape and the frequency of tubers with pointed ends...

The paper presents the changes in iron, molybdenum and copper in soil and in biomass of goat’s rue cultivated in 2005–2007 and in nitrogen uptake form the yield test plant. The experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Experimental Station, belonging to the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities. The study included six objects with variable PK fertilization. The test plants were harvested three times at the stage of budding in each year of the study. The total contents of Fe, Mo and Cu in the plant and soil were determined by emission spectrophotometer with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). We calculated also nitrogen uptake per yield of plant biomass. Phosphorus-potassium fertilization significantly influenced the increase in iron content in the biomass of the goat’s rue. The biggest amount of iron was detected in a test plant fertilized with dose K100 and the biggest amount of molybdenum - under the influence of fertilization doses P50K200. Other doses of fertilizer PK (except dose P50) caused a reduction in copper content in the goat’s rue biomass...

In the years 2009–2011, we examined the effect of application of increasing nitrogen doses on the growth and the development of Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) plants growing on post-flotation lime ground enriched by three doses of municipal sewage sludge, i.e. 250, 500 and 750 m3•ha-1 at the post-exploitation area of Jeziórko Sulphur Mine. The yield of green mass of Tall fescue fertilized by increasing doses of nitrogen grew at all levels of enrichment by municipal sewage sludge. Under the influence of medium and maximum nitrogen dose the stock of Tall fescue grew considerably in relation to control versions and the number of developed generative shoots and also the height of plants increased under influence of each of them for all levels of ground enrichment by sewage sludge...

Starches can be used for food as well as for industrial purposes. The demand for starch products show a systematic increase but the share of potato starch in the market is declining because it is less competitive than cereal starches. So far the production of potato starch within the CAP legal framework was strictly regulated and supported. From the 2012/13 season onwards production quotas are abolished and full decoupling is implemented. That means total liberalisation of the market but the expected outcomes are rather adverse. The prices of raw material would increase and, in consequence, so would the production cost of potato starch. It will be mirrored in further decline of competitiveness and thus reduction of demand and a fall in production of potato starch and starch potatoes in Poland...

In the glasshouses experiments (3 series) the influence of biostimulant Asahi SL on minimalizing of phytotoxicity effect of metribuzin used in 5 potato cultivars (Satina, Lord, Denar, Molli and Sonda) was studied. Metribuzin was applied after emergence of potato plants (10-15 cm high). Biostimulant Asahi SL was applied twice, 7 and 14 days after metribuzin treatment. Among 5 tested cultivars, only Sonda and Molli were sensitive to metribuzin. The same cultivars (Sonda and Molli) exhibited positive influence of Asahi SL on minimalizing phytotoxicity effect...

Field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2008 in Bonin. During this period, response of the five cultivars (Denar, Lord, Molli, Satina and Sonda) to metribuzin applied post emergence was estimated. The phytotoxic reaction and the rate of its disappearance was observed every 7 days and assessed on the 9-degree scale, since the herbicide application until the symptoms completely vanished. The cultivars responded differently to post emergence application of metribuzin with totally insensitive Satina from one side and extremely sensitive Sonda from the other extreme of the scale. Morphology of leaves of tested cultivars was compared and the number of stomata was counted on one square millimeter of upper leaf surface. The influence of stomata number on phytotoxicity effect of post emergence applied metribuzin to potato plants was evaluated. It can be concluded that differences in the leaves morphology between tested cultivars had major impact on the intensity of phytotoxic reaction and the rate of its disappearance...

The aim of this paper was to identify species of weeds occurring in potatoes in Poland in the years 2000–2011, to evaluate control methods and to describe herbicides that are most frequently applied. Dicotyledonous weeds were found to predominate in potato fields. Among them, fat hen (Chenopodium album), gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora), field pansy (Viola arvensis) and scentless chamomile (Matricaria inodora) were in prevalence. Weeds are controlled mainly by mechanical-chemical and mechanical methods. Herbicides are essentially applied in the pre-emergence period. Herbicides containing linuron and metribuzin are most frequently used...

The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness for processing of potato varieties in different climatic conditions during growth and storage of tubers. Early and medium early varieties were tested. After harvest and after 3 and 7 months of storage at 4 and 8°C, we determined in potato tubers contents of dry matter, starch, reducing sugars and sucrose, and evaluated the colour of French fries and chips. Studies have shown, that variation in processing traits depends on the genotype and it is modified by environmental factors. Storage time and temperature influenced the dry matter content and lowered the starch content. The contents of both components remained stable in tubers of varieties: Gracja, Andromeda and Karatop. The content of reducing sugars in potatoes depended on the cultivar and storage temperature. Tubers of varieties Gracja and Innovator were characterized as cold storage type with low accumulation of sugars after storage at 4°C...

The aim of this study was estimation of the effect of sprouting inhibitor on the colour of French fries. The study was carried out on two potato cultivars Asterix and Jelly in five periods: after harvest (September) and in the months: January, February, March and April. Potatoes were stored at 8°C without sprouting inhibitors (control) and using Talent R and CIPC. The color of French fries was determined in three parts of product: stem-end, core and bud-end. On the basis of our research it was stated that the using of the Talent R and CIPC did not influence the discoloration of the French fries. Independently of the type of inhibitor and storage time, the product obtained from cultivar Asterix was similar in colour...

Epigeic carabid beetles are potential enemies of plant pests. In this study, indirect influence of chemical protection in integrated potato management on carabids was investigated. Obtained result was compared with an organic field. The study was conducted in Winna Góra near Środa Wielkopolska from 19. May to 8. September 2008. Two potato fields were selected: one with organic and one with integrated-management cultivation system . Ten Barber traps were placed on each field. In total, 2.889 specimens representing 32 species (Carabide family) were captured. Harpalus rufipes was the dominating species (approx. 50%). No significant negative impact on beneficial ground beetles assemblages of pesticides was found...

Molecular bases of quantitative trait variation in plant, animal and human populations are currently extensively studied. The aim of those studies is, among others, development of functional markers (FM). Development of FM requires allele sequences of functionally characterized genes, identification of polymorphic, functional motifs within genes and confirmation of association between DNA sequence polymorphism and variation of quantitative traits. In the paper examples of candidate genes for FM development are presented: semidwarf genes Dwarf8 in maize and denso in barley, and genes Glu1 encoding high molecular weight subunits of glutenin in wheat. The advantage of functional markers over markers linked to quantitative trait loci is discussed...

Before registration, each new variety of crop plants, has to be tested in terms of its uniformity. The decisions concerning uniformity of new varieties („candidates”) are taken for all tested characteristics, both quantitative and qualitative. In the case of qualitative characteristics, in the sample of fixed size, the number of non-typical plants is observed and if the fraction of such plants exceeds some threshold, this variety is considered as not fulfilling the condition of uniformity. In the case of quantitative characteristics the procedure is more complicated. The standard deviation of the candidate variety and average of standard deviations of registered varieties (sown in the same trial) is compared...

In agricultural research, particularly in field experiments, many experimental designs with different block structures can be used. Selecting a design when setting up the experiment is important primarily from the standpoint of practice, but it also entails statistical consequences. In many-factor experiments where there is a different degree of interest in the factors, the literature describes experimental designs with split units, such as split-plot design, split-block design or various combinations of these arrangements. Multi-stage randomization schemes used in the designs lead to different so-called randomization linear models. In this paper we consider the multistratum models of observations for three-factor experiments set up in so-called mixed designs, which are different combinations of split-plot and split-block layouts...

A study on 73 spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes obtained from National Germplasm Resources Laboratory USDA, ARS, Beltsville was carried out in 2007–2010. They were local populations originating from Afghanistan, mainly from Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar provinces. All genotypes were assessed in detail during the four year cycle of field experiment conducted at the Experimental Field Station of the University of Life Sciences in Czesławice near Nałęczów. The following traits were analyzed: number of days from emergence to heading, vegetation period, plant height, spike rachis length, number of spikelets per spike, spike density, number of grains per spike and spikelet, weight of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight and total protein content in the grain...

Material for the study consisted of second generation hybrids (F2) derived from crosses of six maternal forms (AC Melita, Solga, Wagtail, LGR 900/3a, LGR 1359/8, ICDW 21666) with four paternal forms (Immer, Atlas, ICDW 21545, Heines Deutscher Hartweizen). General and specific combining ability was estimated in research. Predominance of additive genes effect in heredity of the most of analyzed traits was found. On the basis of estimated GCA effects, the following varieties: Wagtail, Immer, and LGR 900/3a line should be distinguished as having positive effects on many tested traits. The hybrids AC Melita × ICDW 21545 and Wagtail × Heines Deutscher Hartweizen are characterized by many positive effects of specific combinining ability...

In the study, the usefulness of winter wheat varieties for mixture creation was assessed. The comparative analysis was used for the real and the expected yield in the two-component mixtures and one three-component mixture. Strict field experiments were located in two locations during three vegetation seasons. In the experiment, three winter wheat varieties (Bogatka, Sława, Nutka) were studied, in pure stands and in all possible mixtures combinations. As a result, the influence of particular varieties was assessed in terms of yield obtained from the studied mixtures. On this basis, the most efficient varieties were selected for mixture creation. The variety Bogatka resulted in higher yield obtained from containing it mixtures, which indicates positive effect of this cultivar in mixture cultivation...

To evaluate the quantitative characteristics of F1 and F2 hybrids of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and their parental forms, a  field experiment was established in two years (2002 and 2003) in the Dłoń Experimental Station (Poznań University of Life Sciences). In each year, following measurements were performed: root collar diameter, plant height, number of branches of the first row, first branch height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 1000 seed weight, number of seeds per pod and seed weight per plant. To assess the quantitative impact of individual characteristics on the mass of seeds per plant multiple regression analysis was used. The results show that the number of seeds per plant, thousand seed weight and the number of seeds per pod determined the seed weight per plant hybrids F1 and F2 in both study years...

Four mutated lines (white petals, narrow petals, 2 male sterile lines) with high (about 50 μmol/g d.m.) glucosinolate content in seeds were crossed with variety Californium. Experiment with parental forms and F1 hybrids was carried out in Experimental Station Dłoń. Observations of morphological traits and yield component traits were made, and contents of oil, protein and glucosinolate in seeds were measured. Analysis of variance, analysis of canonical variates and effects of heterosis in relation to parental mean and to variety Californium were calculated. Analyzed parental forms and F1 hybrids differed significantly in all traits except a number and weight of seeds per plant. Analysis of canonical variates confirmed that the mutated lines originated from zero-erucic varieties differed from variety Californium with regards to all analyzed traits taken jointly...

Many investigations displayed the positive relationship between seed yield of oilseed rape and earliness as well as the length of flowering period. The last years’ oilseed rape breeding is directed first of all to development of F1 hybrid cultivars. Taking it into the consideration, investigations aiming at finding molecular markers linked to the beginning and length of flowering of parental lines of F1 hybrids have been initiated. Beginning and length of flowering of 18 parental lines were evaluated in field trials during two crop seasons in two environments. Genomic DNA of these lines was analyzed using PCR - RAPD and AFLP methods. Moreover, the isozyme markers were also used in the study. The obtained results revealed statistically significant relationship between molecular markers and flowering time. 16 molecular markers were associated with beginning of flowering period and 32 markers with the length of flowering. The isozyme markers were not correlated with these traits...

The main goal of presented study was to determine the influence of the direction of the crossing on the expression of seed colour and yield components and as well as selection of DH lines with light colour seeds and with improved yield components as well as fat content compared to the parental yellow-seeded line. The material consisted of two populations of DH lines derived from F1 hybrids obtained from reciprocal crosses between black seeded DH H2- 26 and yellow seeded line DH Z-114. Doubled haploids were examined in an unreplicated field trial with a regularly distributed standards (both parental lines.) Biometric measurements were made for the components of seed yield, fat content was estimated and seed colour was evaluated. Analysis of variance carried out for 6 traits, has allowed the designation of the statistical characteristics for each of the two populations of DH lines and parental populations and to investigate the significance of differences between them...

The objective of this study was to estimate of differentiation of male sterile lines of rye with the Pampa cytoplasm in their ability to be restored. In 2009 crosses were made between twelve male sterile lines (P lines) and four restorers and between 57 P lines and the restorer 18R in spatially isolated fields. The 105 hybrids were tested for male fertility restoration in plastic tunnels. The level of male fertility was assessed by anther dehiscence visual scores of single plants with a 1–9 scale. The restoration indices (RI) were calculated according to the formulae: RI = % male fertile plants + 1/2% partially male fertile plants. The analysis of variance showed that restoration of male fertility in single hybrids was significantly affected by both genotypes of P lines and R lines as well as the P×R interaction...

In 2007–2009, 250 local forms of winter rye (Secale cereale L) were evaluated. These forms came from Portugal, Brazil, Macedonia and Serbia. In the study, 16 morphological and agricultural traits were evaluated and compared with those of the Dankowskie Złote cultivar control. The highest differentiation among the local forms concerned the following traits: stem length and head length, mass of 1000 grains and number of grains per head. On the basis of the results of the principle component analysis, the highest correlations were observed between the lengths of stem and head and the first principal component (PC1); it means that these traits most strongly discriminated the investigated group of local forms. On the basis of Ward’s cluster analysis 5 groups of local genotypes, according to five traits, were distinguished. The largest group (104 genotypes) consisted mostly of local forms of Portuguese origin (85 forms), as well as Polish genotype Dankowskie Złote...

Rye mapping population of S120×S76 cross consisting of 143 genotypes of RIL-F8 generation and it has been used to analyze pre-harvest sprouting. The map of seven rye chromosomes was together 962 cM long and contained 1285 DArT and 62 PCR markers. Plant material was grown in an experimental field of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland, in four years (2007–2010). PHS was measured as a percentage of germinating seeds per total number of seeds in the ear, after watering of mature, harvested spikes. Each RIL was represented by several self-pollinated spikes (6 for most genotypes) every season and by several open-pollinated spikes in two years (2008, 2010). The objective of the research was to determine the positions of QTL for pre-harvest sprouting on rye genetic map of RIL population using spikes of two types of pollinating and comparing them together...

The objective of this study was to evaluate stability of yielding traits of Polish cultivars of winter triticale depending on weather conditions. Grain weight per spike and 1000 grains weight of 36 cultivars were taken into account. Four-year (2001–2004) one-replication field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Field Station of the University of Life Sciences in Czesławice near Nałeczów, Poland. The graphical GGE biplot method, Eberhart – Russell regression coefficient, Wricke ecovalance and Hanson’s composite parameter of stability were used. Cultivars Piano, Vero and Tornado were stable in diverse weather conditions with high grain weight per spike. Cultivars Mundo and Fidelio were unstable but their grain weight per spike increased with deteriorating weather conditions. Cultivars Ugo, Typo, Debo and Piano were stable with high 1000 grains weight. Cultivar Lasko was unstable but achieved the highest 1000 grains weight. Cultivars Piano, Ego and Tornado were stable regarding both tested yielding traits...

Within the Post-Registration Trials in Wielkopolska we made an attempt to analyze the effects of interaction between triticale varieties and soil and climatic conditions on yield and 1000 grain weight. The research materials were varieties admitted to experiments in the years 2008–2010. Field experiments with these varieties were established in seven locations (Kościelna Wieś, Nowa Wieś Ujska, Winna Góra, Choryń, Borowo, Bobrowniki, Śrem) at two levels of cultivation intensity – standard (a1) and intensive (a2). For analysis of genotype-environment interactions we selected 10 varieties that were repeated in all the years. Results from all experiments were statistically analyzed according to the method for a series of varietal experiments. We found significant differences in yield and 1000 grain weight of winter triticale varieties, the years and locations differed from each other and we detected a significant genotype-environment interactions at both levels of cultivation...

The analysis of yield of covered grain oat strains was described in the paper. The data came from preliminary trials performed in 2007. In total 30 covered grain oat genotypes and 2 standards were examined in 6 environments. The biplot method for GGE, AMMI, SREG i GREG models has been applied for data analysis. Genotypes with highest GGE effect (i.e. sum of main genotype effects G and genotype-environment effects GE) in each environment were indicated on the basis of biplots. Among 30 covered grain oat lines, STH 657, STH 5242, STH 123, POB 483/03, STH 289, CHD 1193/04, CHD 1601/04, CHD 1382/03, CHD 1263/04 were with the highest yield across environments. The most stable covered grain oat lines were: CHD 1382/03, CHD 1263/04, STH 5071, CHD 1430/02 and the most unstable: STH 5244 i CHD 1534/04. The biplot for GREG showed that three mega-environments concentrated the 6 environments tested in this study...

The aim of the studies was to determine genetic crossing potential of 11 maize inbred lines on the basis of general and specific combining abilities. Seven dent inbred lines were crossed with four flint testers giving finally twenty-eight single hybrids. The experiment, involving the lines and hybrids, was established during years 2004–2006 in the experimental field in Kobierzyce. The following traits were analyzed: plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of grain rows, number of grains per ear, dry matter content and grain yield...

The diversity of morphological and genetic characters of 20 maize inbred lines was studied. The experiment involving 20 inbred lines (15 dent and 5 flint lines) was established during years 2004–2006 in the experimental field in Kobierzyce. The experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with tree replications. Each experiment unit consisted of two rows spaced 75 cm apart. The following characters were analyzed: plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of grain rows, ear mass, grain weight/ear, number of grains/ear, plant tillering, smut infection, dry matter content and grain yield. On the basis of available information it might be concluded that the lines were of different origin...

Twenty eight inbred lines were investigated in the field experiment. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replication in two vegetative seasons 2009 and 2010. Heritability in broad sense and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were calculated based on analysis of variance. Wright’s path analysis was made and coefficients of correlation were calculated. Days until shedding had relatively high heritability (0.76), whereas moderate values were obtained for ear diameter and ear height. The greatest values of GCV were obtained in case of ear height, ear rows number and ear grain weight. Path analysis revealed that ear length and diameter had directly and indirectly the most significant influence on ear grain yield...

Eighty potato clones derived from interploid crosses 4x-2x were evaluated for 12 tuber morphological and agronomic traits at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute — National Research Institute, Research Center Młochów during 2008–2009. The objective of the research was to assess the genotypic diversity among potato clones and to gain insight into the structure of multivariable variation. The principal component analysis (PCA) distinguished five principle components which explained 78.4% of the total variance among potato clones. The demonstrated genotypic diversity of 4x-2x progenies gives the chance for selecting valuable tetraploid clones for both table and processing use. Out of five PCs, the first three were the most important...

The field trials were conducted in 2004–2006 in conditions of experimental field of Cerekwica. For experiment 40 accessions (landraces) derived from Podlasie and other regions of West Poland were chosen. The flowering time and eleven quantitative traits connected with yield structure were assessed. Obtained results were analyzed with a use of multivariate statistical method. A two-way analysis of variance (genotypes, years) allowed to detect significant differences between objects concerning pod length and width, seed number per pod as well as weight of 1000 seeds. The genotypes  years interactions had no significant effect on any of the analyzed traits...

Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is cultivated in Poland (Podlasie and adjacent regions) since 200 years. Although this pulse crop is characterized by high protein content (26-34%) and unique resistance against abiotic stresses, grasspea plays a marginal role in Polish agriculture. This indicates, among others, the necessity of genetic improvement of this crop to make grasspea more competitive as compared to others pulse crops. A local population of grasspea present in the Podlasie region since many years is characterized by narrow gene pool which limits effective selection in breeding works leading to release improved cultivars...