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A field experiment was carried out on sandy loam soil in Jadwisin in the years 2006–2009, in order to investigate uptake of nitrogen with yield and its utilization by 12 potato varieties (5 table early, 5 table mid-early and late and 2 starch late ones). The varieties were cultivated at different nitrogen doses, in the range 0–200 kg•ha-1. The fertilization with phosphorus — 53 kg•ha-1, potassium — 150 kg•ha-1 and aftercrop of mustard, as an organic fertilizer, were applied each year. The N –uptake with tuber yield (PN) and N — utilization percentages (WN) were calculated for the varieties and their groups. The uptake of nitrogen with tuber yield , at the recommended doses of N – fertilization (100-140 kg•ha-1), amounted from 120 to 180 kg•ha-1 and its utilization ranged from 34 to 46%. The PN value was shaped mainly by the N-doses, which contributed to 50% of total variance. Weather conditions in the years of study were the second important factor, which influenced both the PN  and WN parameters (ca. 20% and 26% of total variance, respectively). Wet conditions lowered the PN values, in comparison with those for the optimal growing season (2008), in all three groups of varieties and decreased also the WN values in the group of early potatoes. Significant differences of uptake and utilization were found between the tested cultivars. The starch varieties showed the highest uptake, while the table early ones had the lowest PN...

The aim of the study was estimation of the influence of reconditioning of tubers of some potato cultivars on the content of reducing sugars and determination of relationship between the levels of the reducing sugars after harvest and after reconditioning. Tubers of the cultivars Finezja, Flaming, Jelly, Oman and Wiarus were stored at 3°C and reconditioned at 15°C for 7 and 14 days. The reducing sugars content was determined after harvest and after 3 and 7 months of storage. In all cultivars concentration of the sugars was low after harvest and increased in storage. The highest effect of reconditioning on decrease of the reducing sugars concentration was observed in the cultivars Flaming and Jelly, independently on the storage time or duration of the reconditioning treatment. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.90) has been stated between the levels of the reducing sugars after harvest and after reconditioning...

The analysis of potato yield is based on a field experiment carried out at the Uhnin experiment station in the years 1998-2000. Tuber yield, dry matter and dry matter yield were determined in eleven medium-late (Ania, Anielka, Arkadia, Fregata, Grot, Klepa, Omulew, Rybitwa, Rywal, Salto, Vistula) and five late (Dunajec, Hinga, Jantar, Meduza, Wawrzyn) cultivars. The mineral fertilization was applied before planting in spring, at a constant level, to the soil fertilized with manure in autumn. The health status of seed material was similar (C/A class). The potential yield was calculated using the van der Zaag method, with modification of Mazurczyk. Under the conditions of central-eastern Poland the potential yield of medium-late cultivars could be 35% higher than the actual yield, in case of the late cultivars the difference was 22,2%. The 0.66 ratio of actual to potential yield was sufficient to obtain good yields for cultivars of both maturity groups. The genetic factor strongly influenced the phenotypic variation of dry matter, while the habitat determined the phenotypic variation of tuber yield and dry matter yield. The interaction of cultivars with years affected most highly the yield of dry matter...

The analysis was based on field research conducted in 2007–2009, in Żyznów, District Strzyżów at a height of 387 m above the sea level. The experiment was conducted in a subsidiary arrangement, a split-split-plot in three replications. First-order factor was cultivars: Amerykany and Denar, second-order: planting dates (optimal, delayed), the third order: treatments (sprouting and non sprouting). The optimum planting date was April 17, while the delayed one meant 2 weeks after the first date. Seed material comprised of cultivar Denar Class C/A, and the cultivar Amerykany that was non-certified. The experiment used only organic fertilizers, in an amount of 25 t.ha-1, in the autumn. Agrotechnical treatments were conducted in accordance with the good agricultural practice. Delayed planting date proved to be especially detrimental to the cultivation of potato in Strzyżowsko-Dynowskie Foothills, resulting in a significant decrease in total and marketable yield, while the sprouting of tubers before planting neutralized this negative effect. The sprouting accelerated the emergence of plants for 12 days, moving the vegetation to an earlier period, allowing the "escape" before the potato blight, increased total and marketable yield and mitigating the negative effect of delayed planting. A very old cultivar of Amerykany, grown in the foothills conditions, proved to be significantly more productive and more responsive to agronomic factors than a contemporary cultivar Denar, and therefore deserves greater attention and may increase the biodiversity of cultivars available to organic cultivation system...

The investigation, carried out in the years 2008–2009, aimed an assessment of effects of four factors: place of growing, irrigation, presprouting of seed potatoes and use of effective microorganisms on marketable quality of potatoes grown under organic farming system. Eight cultivars, representing different earliness groups, were tested. Genotype had the largest influence on occurrence of external and internal tuber disorders. The place of growing (soil type) affected occurrence of common scab, black scurf, deformations and rust spot. Drip irrigation reduced incidence of common scab, tuber deformations and rust spot. Presprouting of seed potatoes and effective microorganisms exerted the smallest influence on the marketable tuber quality...

Field experiments were conducted in 2005-2007. We evaluated two adjuvants: Ikar 95 EC (95% mineral oil SAE 10/95) and 84 Olemix EC (84% mineral oil DSA). Mineral oil Sunspray EC 850 (98.8% mineral oil + 1.2% emulsifier) was used as a standard. Effects of oils on PVY and PVM infections were evaluated on two potato cultivars: Rosalind — early cultivar (resistance to PVY — 5.5; PVM — 3.5 on a scale 1–9, which 1 means lack of resistance and 9 - extreme resistance) and Clarissa — medium early variety (resistance to PVY — 4.5; PVM — 3). In order to increase the infection pressure, potato plants secondarily infected by PVY and PVM were planted around the plots. Oils were applied at concentrations of 2% and 4%, with 8 to 9 treatments yearly performed in the 7-day intervals. The adjuvant Olemix 84 EC has shown the greatest efficacy in reducing PVY and PVM infection (proportion of infected tubers lower than 65%) under diverse  and often very high infection pressure in the years of research. A little lower efficacy was noticed for the oil Sunspray 850 EC (proportion of infected tubers lower than 56%) and Ikar 95 EC (proportion of infected tubers lower than 50%). Application of 2% concentration of oil has been beneficial not only for economical reasons but also because the effectiveness of protection against PVY was equal or slightly better than at the higher concentration of 4%. Intensive protection using oil Olemix 84 EC and Ikar 95 EC in certain years and on certain varieties of potato caused minor symptoms of phytotoxicity on the plants closely resembling the primary PVY infection (fat necrosis of the underside of the leaf) and slight decreases in yield (up to 8%)...

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of health of sowing material on seed borne diseases and sowing quality of the harvested seeds. Laboratory and field experiments were performed with seeds of 12 spring barley cultivars. The sowing material was infested by numerous species of fungi, especially pathogens: Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres. Weather conditions during the experiment as well as seed infection of the sowing material were the factors of significant influence on the diseases occurrence on plants. It has been also concluded that sowing quality of the harvested seeds, especially seed health, was mostly affected both by health of the sowing material used in the experiment and by plant disease increase in field...

The other seed contaminations of spring cereals from organic seed crops were examined in the years 2004–2007. The seed of restricted weeds and other crops were detected in higher number than allow the seed quality standards. Species spectrum of the contaminant seed differed in the years of study. The occurrence of seeds of other species was expressed by the factors of frequency and abundance. Chenopodium album, Fallopia convulvulus, Persicaria lapathifolia and Vicia hirsuta occurred with the highest frequency each year. Botanical composition of the contaminant seeds was reduced gradually during the years of investigation due to elimination of the restricted weeds from the fields and avoidance of admixtures of other crops seeds during harvest...

The ability of some plant species to perform as pioneers in natural succession was studied on soilless substratum of post-flotation lime, which was applied for reclamation of the sulphur mine area damaged after use of the borehole mining method. The dynamics of changes in species participation was determined for the period of 2006–2009. The stand fertilized with sewage sludge and planted primarily with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was settled by the grasses: orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), wood small reed (Calamagrostis epigeios L.), couch grass (Agropyron repens L) and perennial legumes: white clover (Trifolium repens L), yellow alfalfa (Medicago falcata L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Secondary succesion was observed on the part of the area damaged by fire, with decreasing participation of wood small reed and couch grass, in advantage of tall fescue and some perennial dicots. The increase of participation of woody flora replacing the herbaceous species was noted. Among the trees dominated species of willow (Salix sp.) and poplar (Populus sp.)...

The aim of the studies was determination of the ergovaline content in 71 grass samples collected from 24 grasslands, in which hyphae of endophytic fungi were found. Ecotypes of Deschampsia caespitosa, Festuca arundinacea, F. pratensis, F. rubra and Lolium perenne were identified as the hosts. Determination of ergovaline content in biomass of the endophyte — containing (E+) ecotypes was done using the HPLC method with fluorescence detection. Ergovaline was found in 4 of 5 examined grass species earlier classified as the endophyte — infected. D. caespitosa was the only species in which the E+ ecotypes did not produce ergovaline. The ergovaline production showed high qualitative and quantitative variability even within one grass species. The intensity of pasture usage affected ergovaline production by endophytic fungi from the Neotyphodium genus...

The aim of the study was testing of pathogenicity of 10 isolates of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms) — causal agent of potato bacterial ring rot. The isolates were collected from tissue extracts of tubers with latent form of the disease and were tested for pathogenicity to eggplant (Solanum melongena) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). Differences related to the eggplant or potato tester species were observed in the pathogenicity of the isolates...

Three diploid potato genotypes, selected for their ability to produce 2n male gametes culinary quality (DG 03-131, DG 03-170) and cold chipping ability (DG 03-277), were used as paternal forms in four 4x-2x crosses with advanced tetraploid selections. The research objectives were following: to (1) determine ability of the diploid parents to generate valuable tetraploid breeding materiał, and (2) to estimate broad-sense hertiability (H) based on clonal means in the newly developed progenies from 4x-2x crosses, for three traits of processing quality and seven traits of tuber morphology. The four 4x-2x and four 4x-4x families, their parents, and four control cultivars (cvs) were planted in the field in 2008–2009. Each family was represented by 20 clones, each one planted as 3-hills plot in three replicates. All eight progenies, their parents and control cvs were evaluated in randomized complete block design. Progenies derived from the 4x-2x matings indicated high phenotypic variance for tuber yield, starch content, chips colour and tuber morphology traits, and from medium to medium-high level of broad-sense heritability for these traits. The DG 03-131 and DG 03-170 produced progenies, which had better mean values for tuber yield, starch content, and starch yield than the control cvs. The progeny of DG 03-277 produced chips, which mean colour scores were on the level of cold chipping cv Snowden. It means that the genotype can be used for transmission of cold chipping to tetraploid progenies in further breeding...

The objective of the work was estimation of the cost of seed-potato production and analysis of factors influencing its level. According to the earlier studies, the profitability of seed production is mentioned as a supply-side barrier at the fourth-fifth place among the elements of the strategy for development and reconstruction of the seed market. In addition to the possible highest yielding seed material (fraction of seed-potatoes), the factors reducing the unit cost of certified seed-potatoes include the implementation of bed technology and other elements of technological innovation. Because of the need to meet the official phytosanitary requirements (reducing the risk of disqualification), the early destruction of haulm, the use of seed dressing and mineral oil is justified...

The results come from a field experiment carried out in the years 2008–2009 at the Zawady Experimental Station of the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. The aim of the study paper was comparison of profitability of edible potato production in dependence on weed control methods. The factors examined were as follows: factor I — two potato cultivars: Cekin and Satina, factor II — five weed control methods: 1. control object — mechanical weed control before and after potato emergence, 2. Command 480 EC 0.2 dm3·ha-1, 3. Command 480 EC 0.2 dm3·ha-1 + Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC 1.0 dm3·ha-1, 4. Stomp 400 SC 3.5 dm3·ha-1 5. Stomp 400SC 3.5 dm3·ha-1 + Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC 1.0 dm3·ha-1. The method of standard gross margin (SGM) was used for the economic evaluation of the weed control methods. The value of the obtained potato yield varied from 11078.6 to 19381.2 PLN cv. Cekin and from 8886.8 to 16383.8 PLN for the cv. Satina. The standard gross margin ranged from minus 162.8 PLN for the control treatment to 10018.3 PLN for treatment in which weeds were controlled with a mixture herbicides Command 480 SC + Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC...

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2004–2006 at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of University of Podlasie in Zawady. The aim of the research was to define the influence of latest generation insecticides (Actara 25 WG — 0.08 kg∙ha-1, Calypso 480 SC — three rates: 0.05; 0.075; 0.1 dm3∙ha-1, Regent 200 SC — 0.1 dm3∙ha-1), used in combating potato beetle, on the content of total protein and true protein in potato tubers of three potato cultivars (Wiking, Mors, Żagiel). Tubers of Wiking and Mors cultivars had the highest total protein content and true protein content, respectively. The insecticides applied significantly increased total protein and true protein contents as compared with the tubers harvested from the control treatment where no chemical protection was applied...

The results reported in this work come from a field experiment carried out at the University of Podlasie Experimental Station in Zawady in the years 2004-2006. The experimental design was split-plot with three replications. The following factors were examined in the study: factor 1 — potato varieties: Wiking, Mors and Żagiel; factor 2 — insecticides applied to combat Colorado potato beetle: control (without insecticides), Actara 25 WG at the rate of 0.08 kg•ha-1, Regent 200 SC at the rate of 0.1 dm3•ha-1, Calypso 480 SC at the rate of 0.05 dm3•ha-1, Calypso 480 SC at the rate of 0.075 dm3•ha-1, and Calypso 480 SC at the rate of 0.1 dm3•ha-1. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the insecticides applied to control Colorado potato beetle on tuber yield and structure. Tuber weight per plant is a very important characteristic because it conditions potato performance per unit area. The methods of Colorado potato beetle control significantly influenced tuber weight per plant. The highest weight of tubers per plant was recorded in the treatment where Calypso 480 SC had been applied at the rates of 0.075 and 0.1 dm3•ha-1. In contrast, the lowest weight was stated in the control. Varieties also significantly affected values of the potato yield per plant. The highest weight was recorded for Mors (on average 683.4 g) whereas the lowest one was determined for Żagiel (535.7 g). The statistical calculation did not show significant influences of ways of fighting the potato beetle as well as the cultivars on number of tubers under one plant. However, the largest number of tubers per plant was recorded for the objects 1. (control object) and 2. (Actara 25 WG in dose 0,08 kg•ha-1), and the smallest number from object 6. (Calypso 480 SC in dose 0,1 dm3•ha-1)...

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2004–2006 at the Experimental Station Zawady of the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. The experiment was set in the split-plot design as a two-factorial, three-replication trial. The factors examined were as follows: factor I — potato cultivars: Wiking, Mors, Żagiel, factor II — methods of Colorado beetle control including the following insecticides: Actara 25 WG — 0,08 kg∙ha-1, Regent 200 SC — 0,1 dm3∙ha-1 and Calypso 480 SC at three rates: 0,05; 0,075; 0,1 dm3∙ha-1, and the control without insecticides. The insecticides contributed to decrease of external and internal defects by 6.1% as compared to the control without chemical control. Significant effects of the cultivars and weather conditions on the occurrence of defects of potato yield were observed in the years of study...

A field experiment was carried out of the Experimental Farm in Zawady at the University of Podlasie in Siedlce in the years 2005–2007. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to examine influence of the following two factors: two potato varieties (factor 1) — Irga and Balbina; four cultivation techniques to control weeds (factor 2) — mechanical cultivation (control), mechanical cultivation + Plateen 41.5 WG 2.0 kg•ha-1, mechanical cultivation + Racer 250 EC 3 dm3•ha-1, and mechanical cultivation + Sencor 70 WG 1.0 kg•ha-1. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the herbicides on yield of nutrients in potato tubers. Mechanical cultivation combined with an application of the chemicals contributed to increased tuber dry matter yield, as compared to the control. There were significant differences between the control and the second treatment where mechanical cultivation was followed by spraying with Platen 41.5 WG at the rate of 2.0 kg•ha-1, and the last treatment where the herbicide was Sencor 70 WG applied at the rate of 1.0 kg•ha-1. Similarly, as in case of yield of dry matter tubers and starch yield the deciding influence on protein yield had the mass of harvested tubers as well as concentration of the component. These values were differentiated by the experimental factors. The largest yield of total and true protein was recorded for the object on which the herbicide Sencor 70 WG was applied just before emergence at the dose of 1.0 kg•ha-1...

Organic farming as the specific system of farming and production of food encompasses a whole complex of positive measures influencing the environment and biodiversity. Organic crops can be considerably damaged by numerous pests. Their activity effects in the reduction of plant quality and this causes economic losses. To control harmful insects approved insecticides are recommended for using in organic farming. The occurrence of beneficial insects is an indispensable factor supporting farmers in their efforts to protect ecological crops against pests. Thereby the natural pressure is enhanced. In the reported field experiment the natural insecticide spinosad, which effectively controls Colorado potato beetles, appeared to be harmless for beneficial insects occurring on the protected organic potatoes. Among the beneficial insects, ladybirds were the predominant predators. Numerous beneficial insects were found on the spinosad — treated plots 25 days after tratment. The plant abundant was considered as the factor creating a suitable habitat for natural enemies of aphids...

The objective of the investigations carried out in the years 2002–2005 was to assess the influence of stubble catch crops on yielding of potato. The following combinations of stubble catch crop fertilization applied: control object (without stubble catch crop fertilization), farmyard manure, white mustard, white mustard-mulch, phacelia, phacelia-mulch. Table potatoes were cultivated in the first year after applying the intercrop. During harvest the total yield of fresh mass of tubers was assessed, and after harvest the structure of tuber yield was determined. The results showed that stubble catch crops, compared with farmyard manure, introduced into the soil significantly smaller amount of dry matter and macroelements. The weather conditions in the period of the study significantly influenced the potato yield. The highest yield of tubers was obtained in the combination in which fertilization with phacelia plowed down  the previous autumn was applied. Stubble catch crops, with the exception of white mustard left in the form of mulch till spring can completely substitute for farmyard manure fertilization...

The paper presents the results of the studies carried out in the years 2004–2007, which aimed to evaluate the fertilizer value of undersown crops applied in the cultivation of table potato cv. Syrena. The following combinations of undersown crops fertilization were used: control object (without undersown crops fertilization), farmyard manure, white clover, white clover + Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass. In the biomass of undersown crops the content of dry mass and macroelements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) was evaluated. Potato cv. Syrena was cultivated in the first year after soil fertilization with undersown crops. During harvest the total yield of fresh mass of tubers was assessed, and after harvest the structure of tuber yield was determined. The results showed that the largest amount of dry mass was introduced into the soil with Italian ryegrass and with the mixture of white clover and Italian ryegrass, and that of macroelements with white clover and with the mixture of white clover and Italian ryegrass. Fertilization with undersown crops, with the exception of Italian ryegrass, can fully substitute for farmyard manure in potato cultivation. The highest percentage of table potatoes and seed potatoes and the lowest percentage of small tubers in the yield were recorded for the plots fertilized with the mixture of white clover with Italian ryegrass and with white clover alone...

The paper presents the results of research carried out in the years 2003–2006, whose aim was to assess the influence of undersown crops on the  development of consumption features of potato tubers in changeable weather conditions. The following combinations of undersown crops fertilization applied: control object (without undrsown crops fertilization), farmyard manure, black medic, black medic + Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass. Table potatoes were cultivated in first year after fertilization with undersown crops. During harvest samples of tubers were collected from each plot to estimate the grade of darkening of fresh and cooked flesh and tuber taste. The results obtained showed that the conditions during of vegetation period significantly influenced the above — mentioned features of tubers. The consumption features of tubers produced by plants fertilized with undersown crops were similar to those of tubers harvested from plots fertilized with farmyard manure. The highest level of consumption features, especially of the taste, characterized the potatoes fertilized with black medic alone ...

The paper presents the results of the research carried out in the years 2004–2007, which aimed to assess the influence of undersown crops on yielding and profitability of table potato cultivation. The following combinations of undersown crops fertilization were applied: control object (without undersown crops fertilization), farmyard manure, birdsfoot trefoil, birdsfoot trefoil + Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass. Table potatoes were cultivated in the first year after soil fertilization the table with undersown crops. During harvest the total yield and trade yield were evaluated. Cultivation of table potatoes under conditions of differentiated fertilization has been assesses from the economic point of view. The results obtained indicated that applying of a mixture of birdsfoot trefoil and Italian ryegrass or birdsfoot trefoil alone could substitute for fertilization with farmyard manure in table potato cultivation. Direct production costs for potatoes fertilized with undersown crops were significantly lower than those for potatoes fertilized with farmyard manure. The most profitable was cultivation of potato fertilized with a mixture of birdsfoot trefoil and Italian ryegrass or with birdsfoot trefoil alone...

The paper presents the results of investigations carried out in 2003–2006 aimed to assess the influence of intercrops, stubble catch crops and spring barley straw on some chemical constituents of potato tubers. The experiment included: I. Intercrop fertilization: control object (without intercrop fertilization), farmyard manure, undersown crop (birdsfoot trefoil, birdsfoot trefoil + Italian ryegrass), stubble catch crop (oil radish) and II. Straw fertilization: without straw, with straw. Plants of potato table cultivar Fianna were cultivated in the first year after organic fertilization. In the collected samples of tubers contents of the following constituents were measured: starch, reducing sugar, total sugar and total protein. The results indicated that intercrop fertilization significantly influenced the contents of the all the four constituents, whereas straw fertilization only affected the contents of starch and total protein. The highest starch content characterized the potatoes fertilized with the mixture of birdsfoot trefoil with Italian ryegrass, or with oil radish , both in combinations with or without straw. The highest content of total protein was found in the potatoes fertilized with birdsfoot trefoil alone or in  combination with straw. The lowest content of reducing sugars and of total sugar was recorded with potatoes fertilized with the mixture of birdsfoot trefoil with Italian ryegrass with or without the addition of straw...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of application of four complex multi-nutrient fertilizers: HydroComplex (NPKMgS 12-11-18-3-8 + B, Mn, Zn, Fe), Nitrophoska® blue special (NPKMgS 12-12-17-2-6 + B, Zn), Polimag® S (NPKMgS 10-8-15-5-14 + B, Cu, Mn, Zn) and Viking 13 (NPKMgCaS 13-13-21-1-4-1) in cultivation of very early potato cultivars Aster, Fresco and Gloria. The complex multi-nutrient fertilizers were compared with single-component fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, single superphosphate, potassium sulphate). The fertilization efficiency was evaluated on the basis of agricultural and physiological efficiencies and based on unit profitability index and average profitability of fertilization. The productive effects of applying HydroComplex, Polimag® S and Viking 13 were similar to those observed with the single-component fertilizers. However, when Nitrophoska® blue special was applied, the yield of marketable tuber fraction was significantly higher than that obtained using the single-component fertilizers. The highest agricultural efficiency of fertilization characterized the complex multi-nutrient fertilizers HydroComplex and Nitrophoska® blue special, whereas the highest  physiological efficiency was recorded with the fertilizers Viking 13 and Polimag® S. Only the use of HydroComplex and Nitrophoska® blue special appeared to be economically profitable. The fertilization efficiency depended on the potato cultivar...

The influence of microwave stimulation of potato seed tubers on plant yield was studied in a field experiment carried out in the years 2007-2009. Various values of (2,45 GHz) generator power (100-300 W) and irradiation time (5-30 s) were applied on seed tubers of very early potato cultivar Felka Bona. A significant effect of total dose of the radiation on the yield was stated, however there was no equivalence of the same total doses applied at different levels of power and time factors...

The phytotoxic effect and influence on tuber yield and its structure of metribuzin applied postemergence on five potato cultivars were studied in Bonin in the years 2005–2008. The sensitivity of cultivars was estimated according to a 9° scale elaborated by the EWRC (European Weed Research Council). On the basis of their reaction, the five cultivars were classified into 5 groups...

The phytotoxic effect and influence of metribuzin applied postemergence on such quality tuber features as discoloration of raw and cooked flesh, taste, incidence of rust spot and hollow heart in five potato cultivars were assessed in Bonin in the years 2005–2008. The herbicide applied after plant emergence did not affect significantly the quality features examined...

The resistance of 69 Polish cultivars of potato to virulent pathotypes of S. endobioticum 2(Ch1) and 3(M1) has been evaluated since 2008 at the Laboratory of Quarantine Organisms. Ten of them: Ikar, Wist, Cekin, Adam, Ibis, Bzura, Gandawa, Kuba, Zagłoba and Ślęza were found to be resistant to pathotype 2(Ch1). The same cultivars as well as cv. Rudawa appeared to be resistant to pathotype 3(M1). Another 7 cultivars: Harpun, Neptun, Pasja, Sonda, Hinga, Miłek and Ruta have been assessed as weakly susceptible to both pathotypes, whereas cv. Rudawa was found to be weakly susceptible to the 2(Ch1) but resistant to the 3(M1). The group of resistant cultivars included only those which have been classified as resistant both in laboratory and in pot tests. The cultivars assessed as weakly or extremely susceptible under laboratory conditions have been declassified. All the resistant cultivars were tested using the Glynne-Lemmerzahl method in at least 3 independent replications during a period of 2 or 3 years...

The aim of the experiment was to determine the beginning and rate of sprouting of potato tubers stored at 3°C, 5°C and 8°C. Moreover, the effects of main weather factors during the vegetation period on the date of beginning of tuber sprouting were assessed. Losses in mass of tubers caused by tuber sprouting depended on the temperature during storage and potato cultivar. Tubers stored at 8°C started sprouting in the period between 2nd decade of December (cvs Roxana and Niagara) and 2nd decade of February. A length of sprouts produced by tubers during storage depended on the cultivar and ranged from 23 mm (Marlen) to 93 mm (Niagara). The tubers stored at 5°C and 3°C, compared to those stored at 8°C, started sprouting approximately 4 wks and 12 wks later, respectively. The influence of weather conditions during the vegetation of potatoes on the beginning of tuber sprouting during storage was observed...

Wind conditions in the years 1998–2003 were assessed based on the data obtained from the meteorological station in Jadwisin near Warsaw. Number of hours when south west to north west and north east to south east winds exceeding 2 m/s and 4 m/s at atmospheric air temperature below 3°C was registered every day during long-term (November to March) storage of potato tubers. The temperature of atmospheric air below 3°C is optimal for ventilation of storage house for table potatoes. In the storage buildings equipped with a mixed ventilation system the air temperature below 0°C can be used. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study: 1. The use of natural ventilation to ensure the proper temperature during storage of table potatoes (5°C) can save up to 70% of the time needed for ventilation in the long storage season. 2. In a storage house with a natural ventilation system using wind, the most effective location for air vent is that on the west and east sides of the building...

The aim of the experiment was to determine the acrylamide content in French fries made from tubers of three potato cultivars after the first and second stages of frying. The colour of final products as depending on the content of reducing sugars in tubers was also evaluated. The effect of reducing sugars content in potato tubers on the level of acrylamide content of French fries was found. French fries made from cv. Innovator tubers containing the lowest content of reducing sugars were proved to have lower content of acrylamide than French fries produced from tubers of the other cultivars. The content of acrylamide in semi-products was 9 times lower (approx. 40 μg•kg-1) than that in ready to eat French fries (approx. 360 μg•kg-1). French fries produced from tubers of cv. Innovator having the lowest content of reducing sugars were characterized by a lighter colour (“L” value = 70) than those prepared from tubers of the other cultivars...

The paper presents changes in the requirements for registration of plant protection products applied in potato protection and changes in the availability of their active substances. The number of plant protection products placed on the Polish marked dropped by almost 100 during the first 5 years of the membership of Poland in EU, but in 2009 the increase in their number was recorded. At the end of that year 132 potato protection products were registered in Poland. The biggest group constituted fungicides (55 products) followed by insecticides (34 products), herbicides (33) and others (10). The number of active substances used in potato protection has been reduced in the last years by about 30%. The main reason for this change was the necessity to fulfill EU legal requirements...

The influence of biotechnology and globalization processes on plant breeding sector and its R&D component is discussed on the background of spectacular achievements of plant breeding during the second half of XX century, symbolized by green revolution. The impact of the above factors on plant breeding methodology and relations between science and plant breeding is described. The importance of biotechnology and of dominance of private funds in plant breeding and research for the structure of plant breeding businesses and information exchange and availability of pre-breeding materials is discussed...

In the present work a set of specific proteins, observed in winter wheat genotype imported from Nepal, was characterized. F2 generation coming from the cross combination between wheat line Nepal 1 (containing specific, investigated protein variants) and Polish winter wheat KBH 499 (containing standards of precisely characterized proteins) was obtained. Based on segregation analysis of gliadin genes in hybrid population some new gliadin blocks were identified. They are controlled by the chromosomes 1B, 1D, 6B, 6D and described by the symbols: Gli B1-7, Gli D1-1.3, Gli B2-5, Gli D2-4...

The aim of the presented research was to use genetic markers in process of introduction of effective resistance genes to the wheat. A leaf rust resistance gene Lr41 derived from Triticum tauschii (syn. Aegilops squarrosa) and powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 derived from Dasypyrum villosum (syn. Haynaldia villosa) were introgressed into the best German variety. Line WGRC10 was used as the resistance source of Lr41 for leaf rust, whereas the 6VS/6AL translocation line Yangmai 5 was used as the resistance source of Pm21 for powdery mildew. In foreground selection several molecular markers for Lr41 and Pm21 were applied. For the detection of gene Lr41 in breeding materials with leaf rust resistance five SSR markers: Gdm35, Barc124, Gwm261, Gwm296 and Gwm210 were used...

The studies were carried out in the years 2006–2008, using the experiment set up in 2005. The design of a static two-factor experiment, established using the split-plot method in four replications, included two tillage systems: plough tillage and conservation tillage performed using two methods — disk harrowing of the catch crops in autumn followed by leaving the catch crop biomass for winter as mulch, and disk harrowing in spring. Another experimental factor were four methods of regeneration of the monoculture stand of spring wheat by using the following catch crops: Trifolium pratense L. — undersown crop, Lolium multiflorum Lam. var...

In the three-year field experiment the influence of strip cropping and of different methods of tending on spring wheat yield and structure was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in 2004– 2006 at the farm located in village of Frankamionka, Zamość district, using a split-plot design and four replications. The experimental factors included two cropping systems sole cropping vs. strip cropping and three methods of tending (mechanical, mechanical-chemical or chemical). The grain yield produced in the strip crop was lower than that produced in the sole crop. As regards the effects of tending methods used, the lowest yield was obtained in the crop where the mechanical method was applied...

Genetic resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) of 28 winter barley cultivars and 62 spring barley cultivars included in the registration trials in Poland in the years 2007– 2009 was investigated. Winter cultivars have one or more genes for resistance in loci Mla6, Mla7, Mla12, Mla14, Ml(St1), Mlg, MlG2, Mlh and Mlk. In the spring cultivars the presence of the following genes was detected: Mla1, Mla3, Mla7, Mla9, Mlg, Ml(St1), Ml(Ab), Ml(IM9), Ml(Ru3), MlG2 and mlo. In 13 winter cultivars and 18 spring cultivars the resistance was determined by unidentified genes...

Results of the three-year analysis done to characterize the potential for yield formation within the plant and the spike of androgenetic doubled haploid spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines (DH lines) are presented. A rate of utilization of the yield-forming potential expressed as grain yield per spike and per plant was also estimated. The DH lines were derived from spring barley cv. Scarlett, which was used as a control object in the investigations. The yield-forming potential of plant was determined by the total number of tillers per plant, and that of spike was determined by the total number of spikelets per spike...