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In 2004–2006, the stability of weight of thousand grains in winter wheat cultivars was estimated based on the results of Post-registration Variety Testing System (PDO) experiments. The study was conducted at five experimental sites differing in edaphic and climatic conditions. Weight of thousand grains in eleven cultivars grown in two cultivation variants was determined...

The yields of 31 winter wheat cultivars were assessed in post-registration cultivar trials (PDO) done in the years 2005–2007 in 20 locations. The aim of this work was to determine the patterns of grain yield response to environmental conditions, as related to the multi-year means. For the threeway classification of the GLY (genotypes × locations × years) combinations, the analysis of variance according to the mixed model was done...

The effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and yield components of six winter wheat cultivars were tested in the pot experiment conducted in 2006–2008. Three doses of nitrogen 1.2: 2.4; and 3.6 g N per pot were included. The cultivars Nord 97200/17, Samuraj, SZD 331-50, CHD 752/01, and BR 03/008 showed significant increase in grain yield with increasing N rate to 3.6 g N per pot...

Endosperm hardness plays an important role in quality characteristics of cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and has a significant effect on milling and baking processes and on the quality of the final product. Gene sequence variation and mutations to the two puroindoline genes (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1), located at the Ha locus on the chromosome 5D, account for the majority of variation in wheat kernel texture...

Spelt wheat cultivar Oberkummler Rotkorn and common wheat breeding line LAD 480 differ in the composition of storage proteins and in some important quality traits. Moreover, cv. Oberkummler Rotkorn contains two specific gliadin blocks coded by chromosomes 1B and 6B (Gli B1-6 and Gli B2-3). Such blocks have not so far been observed among wheat genotypes cultivated and examined in Poland...

In recent years over 70% of the agricultural area in Poland has been occupied by cereal crops, mainly by winter wheat and spring wheat. The crops can reach several thousand hectares, and plants of the same cereal species or even cultivar are grown there year after year. The decrease in quantity and quality of cereal yields may result from unfavourable weather and/or soil conditions and from the crop infection by fungal diseases...

The field experiment with triticum durum (Triticum durum Desf.), cv. Komnata was conducted in the years 2006–2007 at Poznan University of Life Sciences, experimental station in Złotniki. The experiment of split-block type was carried out in four replications on a very good rye soil complex. It was shown that Triticum durum cv...

Strict field experiments on winter wheat cv. Mewa were carried out in the years 2003–2005. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in the form of ammonium nitrate and coated urea at a dose of 120 kg·ha-1. The fertilization dose was divided into three parts and applied in three terms: at the beginning of spring vegetation, at the end of tillering and at the heading stage of plants...

In the years 2006–2008 the field experiments were conducted to assess the efficiency of four herbicides in controlling weeds in winter wheat cultivars Kobra and Tonacja. The cultivars were sown at two sowing rates: recommended (400 seeds per m2) and reduced (200 seeds per m2). The tested herbicides were applied in two terms...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the winter triticale × wheat hybrids in relation to yielding traits and protein content in grain. In the experiment four combinations of winter triticale × wheat F5 hybrids were tested: Janko × Clever, Presto × Clever, Disco × Piko and Disco × Soraja. The grains of hybrids and of parental forms were sown in 2 m2 plots in the autumn 2007 in the one-plot replication field experiment conducted at the Experimental Field Station of the University of Life Sciences in Czesławice near Nałęczów, Poland...

In the paper, yielding and yield components of winter wheat, triticale, open-pollinated rye and hybrid rye are presented. The investigations were carried out on four standard cultivars from the Research Centre for Cultivar testing (COBORU): winter wheat — cv. Tonacja, winter triticale — cv. Moderato, open-pollinated rye — cv. Dańkowskie Diament, and hybrid rye — cv. Balistic. The studies were conducted on medium-heavy soils (valuation class: 4a–4b) at three localizations in Poland...

A total of 1200 isolates of Puccinia triticina were collected from wheat and triticale plants in Poland between 2002 and 2007. The isolates were tested for virulence on seedlings of 40 nearisogenic lines (NILs) obtained on the basis of cv. Thatcher and expressing Lr resistance genes. A high frequency (70–100%) of isolates virulent towards the majority of Lr genes was recorded. Low virulence against the lines expressing Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr20 and Lr38 genes in the population originated from wheat was observed...

The paper presents the results of experiments concerning 6 spring and 5 winter triticale cultivars, conducted in two localities in two consecutive vegetative seasons. Every year triticale was sown in the last decade of October. Both vegetative seasons differed in winter period temperatures and rainfall...

The hybrids BC1 (Avena sativa L. × Avena maroccana Gdgr.) × Avena sativa L and their parental forms were subject of research. Cytogenetic stability of the tested plants was determined after studying some meiosis stages and pollen viability. Conjugation and segregation of chromosomes were more disturbed in hybrids than in the parental forms. The highest frequency of micronuclei (0.134/PMC) was noted in tetrads of the Góral × Clav 8330 × Góral hybrid...

The response of five new oats cultivars to nitrogen (N) applied in doses of 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 g/pot was investigated in Mitscherlichs pots in the years 2005—2007. Yield of grain and its components (weight of 1000 grains, productivity tillering, number of spikelets per main shoot panicle, weight of grains per panicle, number of grains per panicle, grain yield of main shoot, grain yield of tiller shoot) were determined...

In the paper, a method for phenotypic and genetic analyses of winter oilseed rape DH lines, evaluated in an unreplicated experiment with a standard, is proposed. The methods of statistical analyses are described based on the example of data from the unreplicated experiment including two standards: cultivar Californium and W-15 DH line...

The yellow seeds of rapeseed contain less fibre and are characterized by higher fat and protein content than the dark seeds. These features have a positive influence on seed performance in oil pressing and on feeding value of the meal and mill cake. However, the resistance to pathogens and the values of mechanical traits are comparatively lower. Moreover, the substantial change in genotype effects in the decrease in yielding level of the yellow-seeded plants...

he main objective of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 17 (10 dent and 7 flint) inbred lines of maize in relation to yield performance of 70 hybrids produced according to North Carolina II design .dent × flint.. To assess genetic divergence among 17 inbred lines, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers were used...

The paper contains results of an experiment on yielding of several sh2 sugar maize varieties in Swadzim (central-west of Poland) in the years 2003–2007. The sh2 varieties: Anava, Basin, Candle, Challenger, Comanche, Dixon, Golda, Indira, Shaker, Sheba, Shimmer, Sweet Trophy were compared, conformably to the sugar maize field trial methodology, to two su — type varieties: Jubilee and Spirit...

The aim of this study was a search for genotypes resistant to Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechsler, Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola Saccardo), powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae), beet rust (Uromyces betae Lev.) and Beet Yellows Virus (virus BYV) among local forms of beet from the genus Beta collection...

The paper presents results of assessment of breeding progress in potato yielding for seed material production and for farm cultivation in Poland. Basing on the seed potato production data from qualified plantations, yield potential increase of new cultivars was estimated for the period of 1994–2003. The corresponding progress in farm production was assessed basing on survey investigation data of the years 1986–2003...

The aim of the study, carried out in the years 2008–2009, was to assess the possibility of rapid multiplication of potato minitubers grown from in vitro materials using the hydroponic method and compare it with the traditional method. Plants in vitro of genotypes tested (Cyprian, Cekin, Irga, Zebra, Katahdin, SZC2707) were placed in hydroponic of own production. The applied medium contained all the macro-and micronutrients: N (as NO3Ż and NH+), P, K, S, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe (chelate), Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Mo in the appropriate proportions for potato...

Potato Virus Y (PVY) is one of the most economically important pathogens attacking solanaceous crops. PVY is non-persistently transmitted by aphids, and its principal vector is Myzus persicae. Aphids efficiently acquire the virus during short (< 1min) feeding probes made by aphids in the epidermal leaf tissue. In the last 20 years, the increasing spread of new, more infective PVY variants has been reported. Novel virus variants have been classified into subgroups PVYNTN and PVYNW within the standard PVYN strain...

stimation of genetic similarity between nine Greek Dasypyrum villosum L. (P.) Candargy populations native to three Greece regions (Thesally, West and Central Macedonia) was performed basing on polymorphism of RAPD and ISSR markers. Eighteen RAPD and seventeen ISSR selected primers were used in the genetic similarity analyses. In total, 122 RAPD and 210 ISSR products were obtained, out of which 50% were polymorphic...

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been reported worldwide in a 1090 different host species. The most effective way to minimize the damage of this disease is to develop resistance of the field crops. The tobacco breeding line developed in IUNG-PIB in Puławy exhibits a high level of TSWV resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the inheritance of the resistance present in the L-9 line...

Experimental data were obtained in the field experiment conducted in PBAI (IHAR) Radzików in the years 2004–2006. The aim of this study was multivariate evaluation of 22 advanced lines and cultivars (bred in Bartążek and Wiatrowo) of perennial ryegrass, taking into account traits important in seed production...

Chemical composition and usefulness for ensiling process were established for Elymus elongatus var. ponticus in different stages of vegetation. Crude fibre was the predominant component of dry mass. The content of this component was the lowest in the vegetative phase (average 31.8%), while in the next developmental phases was higher than 40%...

As a result of weed community floristic assessment on a Miscnanthus giganteus plantation, about 27 weed species belonging to different classes were noticed. In particular years of the experiment differences in weed composition were negligible. The differences resulted from variable dynamics of weed species spread...

This article addresses some of the issues connected with the protection of intellectual property in plant breeding and biotechnology. Due to the fact that plant varieties constitute a special type of innovations, they require a unique legal protection, which is provided by the Convention of UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants). New biotechnological innovations are protected by utility patents, similarly to the industrial discoveries...

The surveys conducted in the period March-June 2008 were used to present the views of managers and principal plant breeders working for the ANR and IHAR single-owner entities on some aspects of organizational systems and functions met at breeding and seed companies. More, the role of Polish science in plant breeding and that of seed inspection institutes in Poland, are characterized...

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of different methods of treatment on seed value in ecological agriculture. Seeds of wheat, barley, oats and buckwheat were soaked in a solution of Biochikol 020 PC or of Biojodis, rinsed in hot water or treated with lime. Germination capacity, mean germination time and germination index were determined...

The paper contains an analysis of genetic similarity of 8 Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta cultivars done using RAPD markers. Seventeen selected primers produced 175 fragments, out of which 80 were polymorphic and 7 were genotype-specific. RAPD-based genetic similarity was estimated to be between 8.851 and 0.913. The mean genetic similarity was calculated at 0.868...

The investigations was undertaken to analyze the variability and interrelationship of some quantitative traits and total protein content in kernels of Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. × Triticum aestivum L. cv. Rusałka F2–F5 hybrids. The F2–F5 hybrids were compared with Rusałka cultivar. The following characters were analyzed: productive shoots number, length of main shoot, diameter of the 2nd bottom internode, length of spike rachis, number of spikelets in main spike, main spike density, kernel number and weight per main spike, fertility (number of kernels per 1 spikelet) of main spike and weight of 1000 kernels...

The aim of this study was an analysis of allelic variation in Xgwm 261 locus, in 45 wheat cultivars registered in Poland in the years 1978–2006. After isolation, DNA was amplified with two WMS261 primers. DNA fragments were separated on polyacrylamide gel. The analysis showed a high allelic variation in Xgwm 261 locus in these cultivars...

The study material consisted of 12 Triticum durum lines and one common wheat cultivar Parabola. Brazilian cultivar BH 1146 was used as a standard. In laboratory tests the aluminum stress method in water cultures was applied. Four-day seedlings were exposed to the influence of aluminum in standard medium of pH 4.0 at concentrations of 148, 296, and 444 µM for 24 hrs at 25°C. The examined T. durum lines significantly differed in the length of offshoots and the weight of roots...

Two methods of wheat haploid production - anther culture and wheat × maize crosses were compared. Material for the study covered F1 hybrids of winter wheat from 48 cross combinations. Efficiency of green plant regeneration was assessed in relation to anthers plated and florets pollinated. Significant differences in efficiency of wheat plant...

The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of sowing date and density on yield size and components in six cultivars of winter wheat in conditions of ploughless soil tillage. The experiments were carried out in the years 2005–2007 at the Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Jelcz-Laskowice on good rye complex soil. The effects of the following factors were evaluated...

The success of crop improvement programs depends among others on the knowledge of both phenotypic and genetic diversity within the maintained plant genetic resources and from the degree of their utilization. The use of multivariate statistical methods is an important strategy for assessment of within- collection diversity, classification and typology of accessions...

A core collection consists of a limited number of the accessions gathered in an existing collection, chosen to represent the genetic variability within the whole collection of plant genetic resources. The purpose of creating core collections is to improve the utilization of genetic resources in crop improvement programs. The aim of this work was both to present and evaluate different procedures of sampling and clustering and to assess the size of core collections...

The aim of the research was to analyze some characteristics of flowering biology of 12 wild species and subspecies of rye as potential candidates to be used in crossing programmes for species of the genus Secale. Time and length of the flowering and heading periods were determined. Moreover, the following seven yield components were characterized.