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The study aimed at a verification if previously published as well as newly developed SCAR markers located on the 4RL chromosome can be efficient in selecting male fertile genotypes with the Pampa cytoplasm. Research material constituted a F2 population developed after crossing the male sterile inbred line 541 with a single randomly chosen plant from the IRAN IX population of primitive rye...

The investigations were carried out in 2001–2005 at 10 winter rye cultivation plots in the Lublin Province. The participation of plants with root and leaf sheaths necrosis was evaluated after winter in each vegetation season. The percentage of diseased plants ranged from 3.5 in 2002, to 45.0 in 2004. Mean values of the disease index ranged from 0.7 in 2002 to 22.0 in 2001 and differed significantly. The main pathogen of rye plants turned out to be the species F. avenaceum (33.5% of all Fusarium spp.)...

Pollen shedding of male patent, seed set on cms line and hybrid seed yield were studied in strip sowing of cms and restoring lines (1 : 1) and in bulk sowing with 5, 10 and 20 percent proportion of the males. A larger amount of shed pollen and a larger hybrid seed set was found in strip design. The hybrid seed yield per unit area was larger in bulk sowing with 10 and 20 percent of males compared to the yield in strip sowing and bulk sowing with 5 percent of males...

Field experiments with triticale cv. Woltario were conducted in the years 2000–2003 at the Experiment Station Grabów belonging to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute. The aim of this research was to define influence of the nitrogen application method and sowing density on changes in the number of shoots and green leaves per plant of winter triticale cv. Woltario. Plots were located on a good wheat soil...

Length of the barley vernalization period is determined by 3 loci: VRN-H1, VRN-H2 and VRN-H3. The dominant Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H3 alleles are characteristic for spring growth habit. In winter cultivars the dominant Vrn-H2 and recessive vrn-H1 and vrn-H3 alleles are present. In this paper the Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H2 genes were identified by means of STS-PCR markers in 41 spring and 11 winter barley cultivars from the Polish register...

The research concerned susceptibility of spring barley to infection of Bipolaris sorokiniana in relationship to plant development stage. The aim of this study was the estimation of emergence after seed inoculation and influence of plant development stage on occurrence of leaf spot in a field experiment. The effects of plant infections by B. sorokiniana on seed yield and seed health were also investigated...

The purpose of the study was the estimation of interaction between N fertilization and plant protection in spring barley production. The studies were conducted in Grabow Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in 2005–2007. Spring barley was cultivated after winter wheat on 5 levels of nitrogen fertilizers 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N·ha-1 and under 3 plant protection programs: Syngenta, DuPont and BASF...

The Institute of Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology of University of Life Sciences in Lublin conducted a program of Avena sativa L. cultivars crossing with wild species of the genus Avena L. Polish and American cultivars and breeding lines were the maternal forms for crossing. The paternal components were wild hexaploid species...

Tetraploids of the genus Avena L.: A. maroccana, A. murphyi and A. macrostachya were evaluated for genetic similarity and relatedness with the hexaploid species A. sativa and A. sterilis based on RAPD and SSR polymorphism. Fifteen RAPD primers produced 129 polymorphic DNA fragments and 13 SSR primer pairs amplified 141 products of such type. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.58 to 0.80 for RAPD and from 0.71 to 0.92 for SSR. Mean values of PIC for RAPD was 0.67 and for SSR — 0.82...

The level of DNA polymorphism and genetic similarity of Polish and foreign Avena fatua L. ecotypes were studied using the ISSR and REMAP approaches. Nineteen ISSR primers and 20 REMAP primer pairs combinations used for DNA profiling, amplified 238 and 468 fragments, respectively. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.52 to 0.81 for ISSR and from 0.46 to 0.99 for REMAP. Mean values of PIC for ISSR and REMAP were the same — 0.65...

The hybrids F2 of the Avena sativa L. cv. Borowiak with six genotypes of wild hexaploid species Avena sterilis L. and the parental forms were subject of the research. The influence of male genotype on pollen viability and some yield components was estimated. Pollen viability of the analyzed hybrids ranged from 91.35% to 99.10% and for most of them was lower in comparison to the maternal variety...

Within the genus Avena L., a high interspecies and intraspecies variation exists in tolerance of toxic concentrations of aluminum ions. The purpose of the work was evaluation of seedling tolerance to aluminum in eight of (Avena sativa L. × Avena fatua L.) × Avena sativa L. BC1 hybrid strains. The samples of seeds were germinated on filter paper in Petri dishes moistened with water solution containing Al ions (as AlCl3×6H2O) in the concentrations...

The transgenic MON810 maize (Zea mays L.), expressing Cry1Ab protein and known to have the most effective protection against European corn borer, has been cultivated in Poland since 2007. MON810 cultivars express 92 kDA N-terminal fragment of Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ssp. kurstaki strain HD1, assuring protection against Lepidoptera insects...

At the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), Młochów Research Center, four groups of potato breeding materials were evaluated for the chips colour, a key trait of potatoes dedicated for processing into chips. The research focused on: estimation of genotypic variation for this trait, identification of cold chipping genotypes and parental lines with positive effects of general combining ability (GCA) for chips colour after cold storage of tubers, and estimation of expected responses to selection for chip colour after cold storage...

The survival period of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms) in the environment of sterile water originating from a lake, pond and a river and maintained at different temperatures was assessed. Distilled water was used as a control variant. Isolation of bacteria from the suspensions and biological test with the use of eggplant (Solanum melongena) assay plants were done. The results of the study indicated that Cms was able to survive for a long time in the water from lake, pond or river kept at 4°C...

The effect of differentiated nitrogen doses on growth and development of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) was investigated. Plants were grown on the ground of post reclamation lime substrate enriched with various doses 250, 500 i 750 m3·ha-1) of municipal savage sludge, on post-mining terrain of „Jeziórko” Sulphur Mine. Green matter yield and height of the tall fescue’s plants increased proportionally to increasing rate of nitrogen fertilization applied in all three combinations of substrate enrichment with the savage sludge...

Several traits affecting seed yield were observed in 16 genetically differentiated populations of alfalfa. The analyzed traits included number of pods per infrutescence, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per infrutescence and fertility. An analysis of genetic similarity was carried out for the populations using RAPD markers, in two series. For the first series the DNA was isolated using the Thomson-Henry’s method and for the other series – with the column method...

Two hop progenies from the crosses between hop cv. Wye Target, used as a source of R2 gene determining resistance to hop powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis), and two susceptible male plants were the objects of the work. The susceptibility of hop genotypes to powdery mildew was assessed using two methods...

The paper describes based on the results of five breeding experiments, different approaches to the analysis of unreplicated trials. Various methods of statistical analysis aimed at the reduction of error variance are proposed. Additionally, use of the intra-block coefficient of correlation to the improve trial precision by changing the plot size and block capacity is considered...

The work’s objective was to evaluate certified seed material and its impact on cereal yielding under production conditions of the Mazovia Province, as well as present changes in certified seed production in the aforementioned region. In order to achieve the aim a survey was carried out among farmers in the year 2006. The study focused on farms characterized by various production directions, with an area of at least 5 ha and owned by farmers whose sole occupation was farming. The farms were decided by a draw. In the work, yielding of individual cereals grown in the examined region was analyzed...

Seed health of four cultivars of spring barley (Rataj, Atol, Rodos and Stratus), four cultivars of spring wheat (Torka, Koksa, Korynta and Nawra) and four cultivars of oat (Polar, Chwat, Sławko and Szakal) originated from organic farming and harvested in the years 2004–2006 was tested. The studies showed that barley grains were infested by numerous fungi...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of non—chemical treatment on seed health of spring cereals produced under organic system in 2004, 2005 and 2006 year and classified by the authorized inspector. Seed health of four cultivars of barley (Rataj, Atol, Rodos and Stratus), four cultivars of wheat (Torka, Koksa, Korynta and Nawra) and four cultivars of oat (Polar, Chwat, Sławko and Szakal) was tested...

spring barley, oats and wheat coming from the harvest of 2004, 2005 and 2006 were used. Seed were sampled from the field classified in grade C/1 as organic seed crop. Germination (Zk) and vigour tests were done according to ISTA recommendations. To assess seed vigour, a rate of seed germination and of seedling growth at optimal temperature (like for assessing germination capacity) as well as conductivity of electrolyte leakage as a resultant of seeds micturition were determined...

Possibility of cereals utilization for bioethanol production has been discussed since the beginning of the 20th century and it comes to the fore with every increase in price of petroleum on the world market. Current interest in biothanol as petrol substitute for road transport vehicle is also related to the ecological factors since the chemistry of ethanol combustion is considered to be environmentally friendly...

Analysis of the influence of certified seeds on yielding of winter wheat was done. The survey data collected from farms in the years 1986–2003 were used. The yields obtained with and without using certified seeds were compared. The influence of certified seed on yield was compared to the effects of other yield creating factors. A distinct relation between the quality of applied sowing material and general technology level was found. Significant effects of seeds on wheat yield were recorded...

The aim of this study was determination of susceptibility of 12 winter triticale cultivars and 6 winter wheat cultivars originating from DANKO Plant Breeders Ltd. to Fusarium seedling blight. Germinating kernels were inoculated with Fusarium culmorum, medium pathogenic isolate IPO348-01, originating from Plant Protection Institute, Wageningen, Netherlands (Wojciechowski et al. 1997). Severity of root and leaf infection was evaluated with the 5-degree scale application described by Chełkowski and Mańka (1983)...

The purpose of the study was to characterize the flowering of different species in the genus Secale. Good knowledge of blooming biology is needed for making distant crosses because synchronization of flowering is important for proper performance of the treatment. Investigations were carried out on eleven wild rye species coming from Europe and Middle Asia, and on a cultivated species Secale cereale ssp. cereale, cultivar Walet...

The results were obtained in the 3-years field trials aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of nitrogen: 0 (the control), 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 kg N·ha-1 on yielding of two maize cultivars: Junak and Boruta. The effects of nitrogen on grain yield net energy and a total protein were assessed. Agricultural efficiency of 1 kg of nitrogen was assessed...

In the years 2001–2003 field investigation was conducted on the effect of the chemical protection level (basic and full) and differentiated nitrogen fertilization (40,80 and 120 kg N·ha-1) on the crop structure and grain yield of three fodder spring barley varieties. One non husked variety (Rastik) andtwo husked varieties (Refren and Bryl) were investigated. It was found that the level of protection affected the yield significantly...

In the years 2001–2003 field investigation was conducted on the effect of the chemical protection level (basic and full) and differentiated nitrogen fertilization (40,80 and 120 kg N/ha) on the chemical composition of grain of three fodder spring barley varieties, including one non husked variety (Rastik) and two husked varieties (Refren and Bryl). It was found that the protection level did not significantly affect the content of the organic and mineral components assayed...

The work is the first part of the paper presenting the results of estimation of biological progress in breeding, seed technology and production of potato in Poland. The divergence of terminology related to biological progress made the author propose standardized definitions for biological, breeding and cultivar progress in crops. The results of attempts made hitherto to assess the reading progress are presented. Various methods used for quantitative estimation of breeding and cultivar progress aredescribed...

This paper presents the results of estimation of biological progress in breeding, seed technology and production of potato in Poland. Based on survey data the gangway-standard for comparisons was assigned. Next, quantitative breeding progress based on the results of pre-registration trials and quantitative cultivar progress based on the results of after-registration trials were estimated. Joint analysis for all potato cultivars as well as analyses for particular earliness groups were done...

The paper presents the results of research carried out in the years 2001–2004. The aim of the investigations was to evaluate the influence of undersown crop plowed down in autumn, and of stuble crop plowed down in autumn and left in the form of mulch till spring in combinations with or without straw on potato tuber yield and its structure. The effects of two factors were assessed: I — intercrop fertilization: control object, farmyard manure, undersown crop — biomass which was plowed down in autumn (white clover + Italian ryegrass), stubble crop — biomass plowed down in autumn...

The field experiments were carried out in 2002–2004 on a very good rye soil complex, which the effects of two soil tillage systems traditional and simplified, and of seven methods of weed control with herbicides on individual productivity of potato plants were compared. Statistical analysis revealed significant effects of the methods of weed control and of the weather conditions over the experimental years on the mass and number of the tubers per plant and on the average mass of one. High correlation between the number, fresh matter and air-dry matter of weeds and individual productivity of potato plants was found...

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2004–2006 at the Experimental Farm in Zawady owned by the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. Two factors were investigated in the study: factor I — potato cultivars: Wiking, Mors and Żagiel, factor II — six ways of Colorado beetle control including the following insecticides: Actara 25 WG, Regent 200 SC and Calypso 480 S.C...

The research was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of selected herbicides and their mixtures in potato stands. A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002-2004 at the Experimental Farm in Zawady owned by the University of Podlasie, Siedlce. The experimental design was a split-plot design with three replications. The factors examined were as follows: factor I — two soil tillage methods (traditional and simplified), factor II — seven weed control methods (1. control treatment — mechanical weed control before and after potato emergence, 2...

The effects of tillage systems and of some herbicides and their mixtures (Plateen 41,5 WG, Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + Atpolan 80 EC, Barox 460 SL, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + Atpolan 80 EC) on infection of tubers of potato c.v. Wiking by Rhizoctonia solani were investigated in the years 2002–2004. The percentage of infected tubers, mean degree of tuber sample infection and mean degree of tuber infection were scored...

Black dot is a tuber blemish and foliar disease of potato caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. J. Hughes (synonyms C. atramentarium (Berk. & Br. Taub) and C. phomoides). It is common in most potato growing areas in the world and may cause up to 30%–75% yield reduction on susceptible cultivars. Colletotrichum coccodes can colonize all underground parts (daughter tubers, stolons and roots)...

Resistance reaction to Phytophthora infestans of potato standards used for a long time and of those introduced lately were examined in laboratory tests in 2000–2004. The resistance of some older standards has been broken down by the new P. infestans races. These standards ought to be replaced by the new ones, showing stability in the expression of resistance. The level and stability of resistance expression was evaluated in tests performed on leaflets, tuber slices and in whole tubers. High values of correlation coefficients were observed among years for leaflet tests, and among dates for tuber slices tests...