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The aim of the study was to compare the suitability of Festulolium var. Sulino cultivation in mixtures with four varieties of red clover — Nike (diploid), Parada (diploid), Bona (tetraploid) and Jubilatka (tetraploid). The field experiments were established in the year 2005 in Grabow (Mazowieckie Voivodeship). The mixture were analyzed for yield and quality features of dry matter...

In the years 2001–2002, the breeding experiment with ryegrass was carried out. Seed yield and yield-related traits of plants for 59 advanced ryegrass lines were evaluated. The experimental data were analyzed statistically (e.g. using path analysis) to evaluate the determination of seed yield by examined yield-related traits...

The experiment was conducted in Radzików in the years 2004–2006. Eighteen perennial ryegrass cultivars and breeding materials, including 5 French strains, 2 Polish strains, 2 Polish breeding lines and 9 standard cultivars, were evaluated for resistance to stem rust and crown rust as well as for plant morphology and physiology. Cultivar Taya and cv. Plaisir were used as standards, respectively, susceptible and resistant to rust...

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of some meteorological factors upon development of potato plants. The occurrence and duration of the phenophases in 42 Polish potato cultivars were evaluated in the experiments that were conducted over the period of 14 years (1984–1997). The influence of genotype and meteorological conditions on variability of plant growth was estimated...

Inference on value for cultivation and use (VCU) of new varieties is usually based on results of series of trials performed in different environments (trial stations, locations). The size of series (number of locations) depends on economic importance of species and varies (in Poland) from very few trials for less important species to several dozens for the most important ones...

The influence of three levels of mineral fertilization and four levels of chemical control on grain yield and its structure was studied in a field experiment with winter wheat cv. Mikon cultivated after wheat forecrop. The experiment was carried out in the experiment farm Bezek (near Chełm, subjected to the Agricultural University in Lublin), on a rendzina soil, in the years 2000–2002...

The experiment with winter wheat was carried out in the years 2003–2005 at the farm Bezek (near Chełm) subjected to the Agricultural University in Lublin. The two-factor field experiment was set up as randomized blocks with four replications, on rendzina soil after forecrop of tomato cultivated on full dose of manure. The aim of the study was comparison of influence of three doses of herbicides on grain yield, yield components and macroelements content in grain...

Resistance of breeding lines of winter wheat and winter triticale inoculated with F. culmorum to Fusarium head blight was tested in 2006. Also resistance to snow mold (M. nivale) and leaf rust (P. recondita) was assessed after natural infection. Significant variability of resistance of the wheat and triticale lines to head blight was observed and differences were found between lines from different breeding companies (programs)...

Interaction of genotypes with environment (determined by soil quality, agriculture technology level, climate) makes a choice of correct genotypes for breeding difficult and influences future cultivation effects. Estimation of yielding stability in changeable production conditions may be useful for choice of genotypes adapted to specific climate, soil or agriculture technology. The aim of this study was estimation of spring barley yielding stability basing on results of farm survey research within the years 1992–2003...

Five oat cultivars grown in the Podkarpackie region of Poland were tested in a two factor field experiment on the influence of Bioalgeen fertilization on yield and its chemical composition. The experiment was carried out in the years 2003–2005. The tests showed that the application of Bioalgeen caused 9.6% increase in oat yield and 6.1% increase of protein content, in relation to the control samples...

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of the late blight is the most dangerous and economically important potato pathogen. In long history of resistance breeding against P. infestans both, R genes and genes with small effects were used. Until now early cultivars with high level of durable resistance do not exist...

The aim of the experiments conducted in the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute was recognition in reaction to nitrogen fertilization of the new potato cultivars Bartek, Clarissa, Pirol, Syrena, Monsun, Ślęza, Cekin, Tajfun, Ursus, Gandawa and determination of the influence of different nitrogen doses on share of big tubers in yield and on content of starch and nitrates in tubers. The experiment was carried out on light soil, conditioned which ploughing straw and aftercrop of white mustard...

The field experiment was conducted in the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Department in Jadwisin. The effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilization and years of study on yield, content of nitrates in potato tubers and quantity of mineral nitrogen in the soil after harvest of potato were determined. The experiment was carried out on light soil, which was conditioned every year with ploughing in the straw and aftercrop of white mustard...

The investigations on potato cultivars grown using two different production systems: organic and integrated, and cultivated on two different types of soil: light and heavier, were carried out in the years 2002–2004. The aim of the experiment was to assess the biomass and diversity of weeds depending on the tested factors. The highest level of weed infestation and the greatest variety of weed species were recorded at the organic system of potato production on heavier soil...

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2002–2004 at the Zawady Experimental Farm belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. The following two factors were examined in the experiment: factor I — two methods of soil tillage, factor II — seven methods of weed control. The work was undertaken to determine an impact of soil tillage methods (conventional or simplified) and diversified weed management in potato cultivation on the yield structure...

Field experiments aimed to assess the effectiveness of fungicides Dithane M-45 80 WP (mancozeb) and Bravo 500 SC (chlorothalonil) in controlling potato early blight were carried out in Bonin and Stare Olesno in the years 1997–2006. The higher incidence of the disease was recorded in Stare Olesno (south-west region of Poland)...

A field experiment was carried out in 2002–2004 at the Agricultural Experimental Station Zawady. The effects of different soil tillage systems and of some herbicides on infestation of tubers of potato cv. Wiking with Streptomyces scabies were estimated. Symptoms produced by the common scab were evaluated using a nine-grade scale on 100 tubers chosen at random from the experimental combinations...

The studies were carried out in the years 1997–1999 in a closed field experiment located at the Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo. The objects of study were three medium late cultivars of potato fertilized with nitrogen at 30, 60 and 90 kg*ha-1 by rows (applied into the ridge during planting) and by surface throwing method...

The potato cultivars, in the number of 48, from the Polish National List were evaluated for variation of blackspot susceptibility (CPP) in the years 2004–2006. Te hexagon playwood drum was used for induction of blackspot reaction. The blackspot susceptibility test was carried out in mid February on the samples of 25 tubers of each cultivar, 55–65 mm in diameter, free from bruises...

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2003–2005 at the Zawady Experimental Station belonging to the University of Podlasie. The experiment was set in the randomized blocks design as a three-factorial, three-replication trial. The aim of the work was assess the effectiveness of the nicotinoid insecticides that exhibit a high systemic activity in the plant and are used to control Colorado beetle...

The field experiment was carried out in the split-block design with three replications, at the Experimental Farm in Zawady, on a cereal-fodder strong soil, in the years 1997–2000. Two factors were examined: fertilization with undersown cover crop biomass (control treatment, cattle farmyard manure, undersown cover crop: black medic, Westerwold ryegrass, black medic + Westerwold ryegrass), barley straw fertilization (treatments with or without straw)...

Breeding work to improve seed productivity of lucerne has been conducted in our country for many years. The aim of the investigations was to analyze the seed productivity and variability of yielding traits of lucerne forms with different length of the productive parts of raceme. Three phenotype groups were separated: shoots with long racemes (‘lp’ forms) that were above 4 cm long; forms typical of lucerne, with a 2–4 cm long productive part of raceme...

Field experiments were carried out in the Sudety Mountains conditions at the Mountain Station Paszków belonging to Lower Silesian Centre of the Agricultural Advisory in Wrocław at an altitude of 540 m a.s.l. Pod samples were taken every week from the fodder galega field. The sampling began when 50% of pods were fully ripening (brown). A delay in sampling resulted in the decrease in seed yield but it did not affect a number of seeds per pod, weight of seeds from pods and weight of 1000 seeds...

In 2004–2006, the stability of yielding of winter wheat varieties was estimated based on the results of Post-registration Variety Testing System (PDO) experiments. The study was conducted at eight experimental sites different with respect to edaphic and climatic conditions. The analysis covered the yields of eleven cultivars in two cultivation variants. The intensive variant differed from the standard one in nitrogen fertilization, which was higher by 40 kg/ha. Moreover, in the intensive variant, full chemical control of fungal diseases, growth factor and foliar feeding of the plants with a multi-component nutrient were applied study...

In 2005–2006, trials have been established to evaluate growing possibilities of four foreign durum wheat varieties in the conditions of Wielkopolska region (Swadzim near Poznań). Quality of the harvested grain has evaluated. The reaction has been evaluated of four durum wheat varieties Durabon (Germany, Durabonus (Austria), Duraprimus (Austria), Rusticano (Italy) and one common wheat variety Viniett to nitrogen fertilization...

The aim of investigations was to evaluate the reaction of some winter wheat varieties to cultivation in the organic crop production system. The studies included analyses of the following features: yielding, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen nutrient status and the Leaf Area Index (LAI). The data came from the field experiment, which was set up in 1994 at the Experimental Station in Osiny (Lublin province) to compare different crop production systems...

The responses of 5 new cultivars of spring wheat to increasing nitrogen rates (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 g N/pot) were investigated in the years 2005 and 2006 using Mitscherlich pots. The cultivars exhibited various reaction to the rates of nitrogen applied. In 2005, cultivars Bombona and Partyzan as well as strain NAD 403...

The aim of the study was estimation of baking quality parameters for 181 new Polish strains tested in the pre-registration field trials of the years 2005 and 2006. The following quality parameters were analyzed: sedimentation value (with SDS, Axford method), falling number (1800), protein content in grain (NIR method), water absorption of flour, dough softness and stability,  quality number (farinograph), dough energy (extensograph), flour yield (Quadrumat Senior, Brabender), bread volume and bread quality (baking test), wet gluten and gluten index (Glutomatic 2200)...

The field experiments were carried out in the years 2004–2006 to evaluate the reaction of six winter wheat cultivars: Sukces, Tonacja, Kobiera, Kobra, Trend and Finezja to phenylurea (Dicuran 80 WP, Arelon Dyspersyjny 500 SC) and sulfonylurea (Glean 75 WG, Atlantis 04 WG) herbicides. Wheat plants were treated with the herbicides in autumn, when they were at the stage of two leaves. The treatment with herbicides did not cause any damages to the wheat plants...

The investigations were performed based on the data derived from the pre-registered trials including 40 advanced lines of winter triticale developed in Danko plant breeding company. The trials were conducted in the season 2004–2005 at three locations. Variance components of genotypic effects, G×E interaction, error effects on grain yield and its three basic components as well as coefficients of correlation between these traits were estimated...

The investigations were carried out in microplots located in Puławy. Two cultivars of winter triticale: Woltario and Krakowiak were sown. The cultivars differ in their requirements as regards the sowing density. Plants of cv. Woltario need rather sparse sowing, whereas plants of cv. Krakowiak find better growing conditions at dense sowing. Three rates of sowing density were applied in the experiment: 2, 3 or 4 mln grains/ha. Number of stems per plant, number of leaves from one plant and plant dry matter were assessed at early growth stages...

Seeds of seven cultivars of winter triticale were stored from 2004. Every 6 months the seeds were subjected to accelerated ageing according to SSAA or AA test, then germination capacity and vigour measured as dry weight of seedling, length of first leaf and length of longest root were estimated. On the basis of SSAA test results it was concluded that the seed vigour gradually diminished during storage...

The aim of the study was estimation of genetic variability in hull-less barley mutants as compared to their initial form at the phenotypic and molecular levels. Material for the performed studies constituted hull-less barley mutants obtained as a result of mutagenic treatment of grain of hull-less spring barley line — 1N/86...

The exact field experiment with two cultivars of millet: Gierczyckie and Jagna was conducted in four replications in the years 2003 and 2004 at the agricultural experimental station Pawłowice near Wrocław. The „split-plot” method was applied. The cultivars were established as the factors of the first order, and the following levels of nitrogen fertilization (kg∙ha-1) were the factors of the second order: 0 (no fertilization), 30 (presowing), 60 (30 presowing + 30 at the stage of plant tillering), 90 (30 presowing + 30 at the stage of plant tillering + 30 before panicle appearance)...

Twenty two flint lines and 21 dent lines of maize were grown in field trials at Smolice and Kobierzyce using incomplete block design. Seeds were sown on 5 m2 plots at 75 × 18.6 cm spacing. The following characters were measured: pollen shed, silking, ear length, no. of rows/ear, no. of kernels/row, no. of kernels/ear, ear weight, cob weight, % dry matter and weight of grain/ear. The measurements of the characters were used to construct three indices: specific, foreign and general...

The material used in the study consisted of 80 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 20 flint lines with 2 dent testers and 20 dent lines with 2 flint testers. Field trials were conducted at the breeding stations at Kobierzyce and Smolice. Incomplete block design was used. The following characters were analysed statistically: pollen shed, silking, ear length, no. of rows/ear, no. of kernels/row, no. of kernels/ear, ear weight, cob weight, % dry matter and weight of grain/ear...

The aim of the study was the evaluation of susceptibility of maize hybrid cultivars registered in Poland and experimental hybrids to natural infection with stalk rot. Moreover, factors inducing changes in severity of the disease were determined. The evaluation was performed in the years 1985–1990 and 2002–2006 at Radzików. In each year 36–150 genotypes were examined. The Krüger’s method for longitudinal cutting of the stalks and the scale 1–9 elaborated by the FAO group were applied to measure infection rates...

The studies conduced in 2005–2006 were aimed at recognition of the etiology of corn cob fusariosis. Examination of the material collected in the experimental fields at Swadzim, Radzikow and Kobierzyce showed that Fusarium verticillioides was the predominating species. The fungus was isolated from 46% and 68% of cobs in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and its occurrence resulted in infection of 30% of kernels per cob. Moreower, F. verticillioides significantly reduced the weight of 1000 kernels...

In the work the achievements of Polish potato breeding in the years 1946–2007 are presented. In that period, 216 new potato varieties have been released, most of them (nearly 36%) at the breeding centre Zamarte. According to the data from the registration trials conducted by COBORU, new varieties have brought the noticeable progress in relation to yield size and quality, associated with the improved resistance to major potato diseases...

Difficult economic situation of sugar beet production creates necessity of inputs minimalization in order to improve the effectiveness of production. The presented results of investigation were produced out on the experimental field in the Agricultural Experiment Station Swojec near Wroclaw. The following factors were investigated: organic fertilization and different autumn — spring cultivation. In effectiveness estimation of the investigated cultivation variants the economic category of gross profit was used, which is a common practice in incomplete calculation...