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Buckwheat is one of the minor crops cultivated in Poland and there are no registered herbicides for this crop. Buckwheat plants are very sensitive to majority of herbicides which control broad-leaved weeds. The main goal of the research carried out in the years 2005–2006 at the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznan (Poland) was the evaluation of usefulness of selected herbicides. The tested products were following:...

The study purpose was to analyse genetic similarity between 16 populations of alfalfa using RAPD molecular markers and to describe their self-incompatiblity. The examined objects formed four groups of genetical similarity, which ranged from 42% to 75%. The populations with similar level of self-incompatibility were not in the same group of genetical similarity. To study the self-incompatibility effects, penetration of pollen tubes into the ovaries was observed with the use of fluorescence microscope...

The influence of UV-B radiation (Philips TL 40/12, UV-BBE = 4 kJ*m-2*d-1) on soybean cv. Augusta plants grown under glasshouse conditions was investigated. The applied irradiation caused decrease in the intensity of net photosynthesis and chlorophyll content as well as height and dry mass of shoots...

Investigations were performed in the years 2004–2006 on thirty tree perennial ryegrass cultivars included into the “EUCARPIA multisite rust evaluation” (19 diploid and 14 tetraploid). Morphological and physiological character connected with agronomic value of the cultivars, with special emphasis on crown rust, stem rust and snow mould resistance, were described...

In the years 2004 and 2005, twenty nine cultivars and units of breeding materials were evaluated: 16 European Italian ryegrass cultivars (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), 3 hybrid ryegrass (Lolium bouchenanum Kurth) cultivars and Polish materials of Italian ryegrass: 2 cultivars (Gisel and Kroto), 2 strains and 6 progenies of F3 filial generation. Morphological and physiological characters connected with agronomic value were described...

The farmers’ decisions on the use of certified seed are influenced by numerous factors, e.g. economical (price of sowing material, farm profit), technological (soil and crop management systems), social (education, knowledge, experience) etc. The mentioned factors are usually correlated (autocorrelation), which disturbs to give a simple answer to what the use of certified seed depends on...

One of the most important factors deciding on winter wheat yielding is sowing date. The literature recommendations concerning optimal sowing time for particular regions are a result of precise field experiments. The present study based on statistical analysis of results of survey research conducted in the years 1992–2003 on 6 241 farms representing variable soil quality and differentiated level of agricultural technology. The data were partitioned into three groups according to the sowing date: before optimal or optimal or after optimal; next they were subjected to analysis of variance and linear regression analysis...

The survey results for private farms cultivating winter wheat within the years 1992–2003 were analyzed statistically. Each of the fields described in the survey was characterized by different environmental conditions (soil quality, pH of soil, forecrop) and different level of technological factors (fertilization, manure, chemical protection, sowing amount, sowing term and material)...

The results presented in firs part (Laudański et al., 2007) have been utilized this paper. A multidimensional method of factor analysis was applied in the first part. The method made possible to classify technologies used in private farms into groups of similar trends of habitat conditions and agrotechnology. The combinations of cultivation technologies obtained in this way were analyzed using multiply regression of yields vs. habitat conditions and agrotechnology. Moreover, a cluster analysis was used ell to estimate the distances among different technologies considering the levels of particular components...

There are many methods of plant DNA isolation. However, most of them are unacceptable for marker assisted breeding since their procedures are long, complex and expensive. Therefore, we evaluated three methods that could be used in marker assisted selection in wheat breeding: DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen), DNAzol Direct (Molecular Research Center) and alkaline lysis based on NaOH. All isolated DNA were kept in the same conditions...

A method of low molecular weight glutenins (LMW GS) separation based on sequential extraction of wheat kernel proteins with 50% isopropanol was worked out. Nineteen cultivars and strains of winter wheat of known high molecular weight glutenin (HMW GS) composition and variable in flour technological properties were investigated. LMW GS extracted from flour and single kernels of chosen genotypes were resolved in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Eight to ten protein bands differing in molecular weight and specific for individual wheats were observed...

Gliadins are one of the most important components in many foodstuffs produced from wheat seed, so they play a significant role in the human diet. However, for people suffering gluten intolerance they may be strong food allergens and in the case of celiac patients – even toxic. This is a serious problem connected with food safety and quality. Immunoreactivity of gliadins extracted from chosen wheat genotypes (species, cultivars and hybrid lines) was investigated...

The aim of this study was to examine homogeneity of several wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivated in Poland. RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) polymorphism was studied in seven wheat cultivars: Batis, Changer, Elena, Kobra, Kornett, Kris and Mikon, and doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from them. Twenty decamer primers were used. Totally, 145 amplification products were observed 107 ones were polymorphic...

Winter wheat breeding scheme applied in the Strzelce plant breeding station (current: Hodowla Roślin Strzelce) in the years 1992–1999 has been described. During this period, weight and number of kernels per spike were used as selection criteria in the F4 generation. Assessment of effectiveness of this selection was the main purpose of the study. Starting point for the elaboration was choice of 61 advanced breeding lines from the inter-station trials of the years 1994 and 1995...

The investigation was undertaken to analyze the variability and interrelationships of some quantitative traits and total protein content in kernels of four F5–F9 lines derived from crosses between Aegilops juvenalis (Thell.) Eig. and Aegilops ventricosa Tausch. with Triticum durum Desf. cv. Grandur and Triticum aestivum L. (cvs. Arda, Begra, Panda, CZR 1406 line). The F5–F9 lines were compared with their parental wheat components — Arda, Begra, Panda cultivars and CZR 1406 line...

The studies were focused on the evaluation of 40 advanced lines of winter triticale for grain yield (per m2) and its three components (spikes per m2, grains per spike and TGW), using the data from pre-registration yield trials performed at three locations: Dębina, Laski and Sobiejuchy. The investigations were aimed at multivariate assessment of distinct yield component architectures in the lines, describing their quantitative yield formation strategies. At each location, clusters of lines with similar values of the yield components were distinguished...

The semi-sterile (“S”) and normal (“N”) spikes cut in 2005 from 14 triticale varieties and strains, produced by DANKO, were tested using the C-banding method. On average, more aneuploid forms were found in the “S” group (38.04%), than in the “N” one (25.38%). The similar tendency was observed for chromosome aberrations: 5.52% for the “S” group and 0.52% for the “N” one...

In 2003–2006 we evaluated male fertility of winter triticale F1 hybrids obtained from crossing male sterile lines (T. timopheevi cytoplasm) with 169 cultivars and breeding strains, 52 DH lines from 6 cultivars and lines, and 203 DH lines derived from 24 F1 hybrids (non-restoring form × cultivar/strain). Eight cultivars and strains (4.7%) fully restored male fertility in hybrids, a half of them (52%) exhibited the restoration index of 80–100%...

Twenty five STS and twelve microsatellite (SSR) markers were used for the evaluation of genetic diversity among 15 inbred lines of rye. Polymorphic DNA fragments were identified in twenty STS and eleven SSR loci. Although both marker systems were able to discriminate the analyzed rye genotypes, SSRs proved to be more polymorphic which makes them more prospective for taxonomic purposes...

The purpose of the study was recognition in epistatic action of genes controlling 12 quantitative traits (heading time, plant height, length of ear, length of upper internode, mass and number of grains per ear, spikes number per plot, 1000 kernels weight, test weight, grain yield per plot, protein content in grain and falling number) in 10 cultivars of winter rye (Dańkowskie Złote, Dańkowskie Nowe, Motto, Wibro, Amilo, Kier, Walet, Bosmo, Hegro, Ekoagro)...

Results of the 3-year field experiment carried out in 2001–2003 in Krasne near Rzeszów are presented in the paper. The investigations included 6 new strains and two cultivars of hull-less oat. Grain yield and some its components were estimated. The usefulness of hull-less oat, especially of strains STH 4770 and STH 4659 and of cv. Polar, for cultivation in the Rzeszów province was evidenced...

Ten maize hybrids and their parental lines were the major object of the work. The main purpose of the study was to prove relations between heterosis effect of hybrids and genetic similarity of their parental lines, determined by means of RAPD and AFLP molecular markers. All the hybrids, compared to the parental forms, showed significantly higher values of most of yield structure features...

The investigations on the reaction of maize cultivars to post-emergence herbicides Titus 25 WG + Trend 90 EC and Milagro 040 SC were carried out in the Lower Silesia region in the years 2003-2005. Effects of herbicides on: plant growth, number of cobs, grain yield, weight of dry matter and weight of 1000 grains in Polish and foreign cultivars grown in unfavourable weather conditions were evaluated...

Nineteen isolates of bacteria were detected in potato tubers infected with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms). Cross-reactions of the isolates with polyclonal antibodies applied in the IFAS test were observed. Seven isolates were morphologically similar to Cms. The occurrence of cross-reactions can lead to obtaining false positive readings in the routine tests...

Early blight commonly occurs in potato foliage, particularly in the regions of high temperatures and humidity during growing seasons. In the climatic conditions of Poland the disease usually occurs earlier in the season than does late blight. In the recent years, early blight caused the reduction in potato yield ranging from 6% to 45%. In the years 1998–2006, an evaluation of the early blight occurrence in potato crops was carried out throughout Poland, in co-operation with the Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service...

The aim of experiment conducted in the years 2001–2003 was to determine the influence of post-emergence herbicide application on phytocenosis of the protected field and yielding of faba bean cultivars Nadwiślański and Tim. The herbicides applied caused significant changes in weed communities in both faba bean cultivars. A number of weed species in treated plots was reduced by 9.5–52.4%...

The effects of introgression of the recessive genes lp (long raceme) and tf (top inflorescence) into alfalfa cv. Radius on seed productivity were evaluated in field experiments. Introgression of the gene lp resulted in the change of a type of inflorescence, significantly increasing the numbers of pods and seeds per raceme. The seed yield of a new synthetic cv. Ulstar (lp type) was higher by 15–20% than those of standard cultivars producing typical, short racemes...

In the years 2004–2006 a suitability of some species of honey plants for reclamation of the soil-less ground of flotation lime enriched with sludge in the post-exploitation area of the Jeziorko Sulphur Mine was evaluated. The flotation lime was fertilized with sediments of municipal wastes at a dose of 500 m3/ha. Every year, in spring, mineral fertilization (70 kg N, 75 kg P2O5 and 100 kg K2O per 1 ha) was also applied. Forty-five species of annual, biennial or perennial honey plants were tested...

Hop progenies from the crosses between hop cv. Magnum, used as a source of high alpha acid content but showing sensitivity to hop powdery mildew, and four male plants partially resistant to this disease, were studied. The resistance to powdery mildew was assessed under natural infection pressure in two stages. The first stage included all plants from the studied progenies and it based on the estimation of disease symptoms on leaves and cones at the stage of technological maturity...

In Poland we have the several year hop plantations that need a quick adaptation of the cultivation structure to new requirements from the European brewery industry. Planting of hop plantations using traditional methods („bud cuttings” or rooted cuttings) requires as long as a three- year period to get the maximum yielding. This fact makes the supply of the hop market unstable, and is the main factor of farmers, financial losses...

The investigations on the transfer of Potato virus Y (PVY) resistance from the wild species Nicotiana africana Merxm. to cultivated tobacco were conducted in the BC2–BC2F6 generation. Cytological investigations covered counts of mitotic chromosomes, meiotic configurations and pollen viability in the successive hybrid generations. A number of mitotic chromosomes varied in the generations studied...

Cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (cms) is an important biological tool, which has been used by plant breeders to produce commercial hybrid cultivars. A new source of cytoplasmic male sterility in tobacco with interspecific origin is reported. The new wild species Nicotiana wuttkei Clarkson et Symon (2n = 32), which was discovered in Australia in 1984, is used as the donor of cytoplasm. The nuclear donor is N.tabacum L. cv. Wiślica (2n = 48)...

Based on the acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A PAGE) a new version of catalogue of gliadin protein blocks was worked out. The catalogue contains jointly 38 blocks. Eight, six, three, fourteen, four and three of them are coded by the chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 6A, 6B and 6D, respectively. New blocks included to the catalogue were verified using genetic analysis of F2 hybrid genotypes...

The high molecular weight glutenins encoded by the complex loci Glu-1 are the object of interest in breeding of quality varieties in wheat due to their associations with bread-making quality and the possibilities of introgressions. This paper presents the review on both the possibilities of introgressions and the effects obtained so far in improvements of bread making quality by the introgressions of high molecular weight glutenins in cereals...

Two factorial experiments were performed to evaluate genotype and nutrition effects on the variation in the water, nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies, total size and penetration depth of the root system and tolerance to reduced NPK nutrition. The investigation was performed at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages among wild, primitive and cultivated tetraploid wheats...

The effect of three herbicides on seed sowing value and chemical composition of grain was studied in winter and spring wheat, spring barley and spring triticale. The following herbicides (and their doses per ha) were used: Aminopielik D — 3 l/ha, Chwastox D — 3 l/ha (for barley and triticale, 5l for spring and winter wheat) and Granstar 75 DF (30 g). The residues of herbicides active substances in seed were analyzed either. Untreated plants served as controls...

The influence of three herbicides: Aminopielik D (3l/ha), Chwastox D (3l/ha in barley and triticale; 5 l/ha winter and spring wheat) and Granstar 75 DF (30 g/ha) on yield and some morphological traits of four cereals: winter wheat cv. Elena, spring wheat cv. Torka, spring barley cv. Rataj, spring triticale cv. Wanad was studied in field trials in the years 1997–1998...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of seed treatment on sowing value of spring barley. Barley seeds of two brewing type cultivars (Rasbet and Scarlett) and three fodders type ones (Rataj, Rodion and Rastik), harvested in 1999–2001, were examined. The seeds were treated with the fungicides tebuconazole (Raxil) or carboxin + thiuram (Vitavax)...

Two field trials with winter triticale confirmed the occurrence of competition effects among the plants, including border effects near the paths as well as competition within and between the experimental plots. Grain mass and plot density were measured per length unit of row...

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the functional (antioxidant) properties two oat forms: Akt (naked) and Kasztan (covered). The wholemeal oat and the milling fractions as well as germinated grain were analyzed with three methods by determination of: 1) the reduction potential (Fe+3 →Fe+2), 2) the ability to eliminate the DPPH free radical and 3) the overall antioxidant potential for the β-carotene/linoleic acid system...